高中英语外刊阅读60篇（2022第十二期）

Introduction 54% 的美国成年人喝咖啡，平均每天至少喝三杯。正如你所想的，这意味着:美国 每年在咖啡上的花费约为 400亿美元。但在人均咖啡消费量排名中，美国甚至没有进 入前20名，只排在第22位。 本文节选自：scientificamerican（2019.09） The Health Benefits of Coffee There are over 21,000 Starbucks locations alone in the world (with about 12,000 of those being in the U.S.) and our consumption continues to rise. Global demand is expected to increase by an extra 40– 50 million bags of coffee over the next decade which is more than Brazil’s entire yearly production. With the current threats to coffee crops that come with climate change, the world could possibly face a severe coffee shortage. Coffee beans themselves have little to no taste at all. The flavor, the aroma of coffee: it all comes from the roasting process which releases a large number of chemicals from the tiny bean. In fact, the av‐ erage cup of coffee contains more than 1,000 chemicals. To transfer those delicious chemicals to the hot water in our cup, we run water over those roasted beans. To increase our success, we both grind the beans to increase their surface area (and thus more expo‐ sure of those chemicals to the water) and heat the water since higher temperatures (and thus energies) speed up the removal of molecules from a solid. Lucky for us coffee drinkers, smaller and more water soluble molecules like acids will get extracted first and those tend to be the tastier, less bitter flavors. Coffee drinkers are well aware that not every cup is created equal. The difference lies not in the beans themselves but in the preparation. For espresso, the beans are very finely ground (almost to the texture of powdered sugar) and the brewing time is much shorter than 0 1 咖啡背后的科学 第一篇 1 英语外刊阅读 for regular drip coffee. The way to decrease brewing time is to push the water through the ground coffee faster so espresso machines can reach up to 15 atmospheres of pressure to move a cup’s worth of water in less than 30 seconds. Translation 全球仅星巴克门店就有 2.1 万多家(其中约 1.2 万家在美国)，而消费还在继续增长。未来 10 年， 全球咖啡需求预计将增加 4000 万至 5