重难点10 完形填空之说明文-2022年中考英语【热点·重点·难点】专练（上海专用）

重难点10 完形填空之说明文（原卷版） （建议用时：30分钟） 说明文是以说明为主要表达方式，用来说明事物、阐明事理的一种文体。它通过揭示概念来说明事物的特征、本质及其规律性，给人准确的科学知识或传递某种思想。考查趋势是：辨析词义，以实词为主，且第一局不设空，生词量有增无减，长句增加，句式灵活，结构复杂。 中考生最为棘手的题型之一。它既考查对语法、词汇、习语、句型、搭配等基础知识的综合运用能力，又考查对短文的阅读理解能力。其中包括在具体的语境中灵活运用语言知识的能力，根据试题内容进行正确的逻辑推理，综合判断和分析概括的能力。 1.通读全文，掌握大意。结合选项初步弄清短文写了些什么内容。 2.瞻前顾后，分析先行。在理解全文意思的基础上，结合文章内容对空缺句子作合乎逻辑的推理。必须弄清空缺词句的确切含义，空缺词句与其前后句的意义衔接必须自然、合理，不可出现意义断层或说东道西的情况，必须从空缺句的内部结构入手，从语法、词语固定搭配、词形变化等角度考虑，务必使所填的单词准确无误。 3.反复推敲，攻克难关。如果做不出来的话，可能要改变一下思路。如实词多与文章的内容直接相关，虚词多与文章的连贯性或句子结构直接相关，如果从内容上实在看不出要填哪个单词的话，应考虑是否需要填介词、连词等。 4.验证答案，修正错误，着重注意这几点：(1)文章是否顺畅；(2)所填单词是否是最佳单词；(3)所填单词是否有拼写错误。 完形填空的解题方法和技巧： 1）确定填入单词的词性。 2）根据短语的固定搭配。 3）固定的句式结构。 4）利用冒号或者破折号。 5）利用句子在语段中的“地位”。 外卖、5G、新冠疫情、冬奥会、碳中和等。 一、完形填空 Oil is not the only source of power in South America. Many countries rely on another liquid-water. Many of the America's big rivers are ___1___ to make hydroelectric power(水电), or electricity produced by controlling the force of flowing water. South America's biggest hydroelectric plant is Itaipu Dam, located on the border of Paraguay and Brazil. This massive dam stretch across the Parana River. ___2___ workers could even begin building the dam, they had to shift(移动) the Parana River around the construction site(工地). They did this by ___3___ a 2-kilometer channel around the dam site. This project alone took nearly three years. The governments of Paraguay and Brazil work together to run the hydroelectric plants at Itaipu Dam. The countries split the low- cost electricity ___4___ here. Both countries benefit from this agreement. Paraguay is a smaller country than Brazil and it doesn't need nearly as much electricity. In fact, Itaipu Dam produces far more electricity than the whole country of Paraguay can use! So Paraguay earns money by ___5___ its excess(多余的) electricity to Brazil. This electricity helps light up Brazil's biggest city Sao Paulo. Itaipu Dam brings money to the region in another way as well. As one of the engineering wonders of the modern world, Itai