重难点05 非谓语动词-2022年中考英语【热点·重点·难点】专练（上海专用）

重难点05 非谓语动词(原卷版) (建议用时:30分钟) 根据对非谓语动词部分上海各区模拟及市中考试题的分析可知,今后该部分仍将是重点考查点之一,其考查重点为: 1. it作形式主语、宾语的用法 2. 感官动词后不定式作宾语补足语和动词ing形式作宾语补足语的用法: 3. 动词不定式与疑问代词和疑问副词的连用 4. 一些特殊动词的动词不定式作宾语补足语时不带口,但变为被动语态时就要带to: 5. 有些动词既可接不定式也可接动词ing形式作宽语,但表达的意思不同。 非谓语动词的用法 非谓语动词分类 不定式(to do sth);动名词(v-ing);现在分词(doing);过去分词(done); 初中阶段需要掌握的主要是动名词和不定式的固定搭配,及使动用法的词现在分词和过去分词的用法差别。 非谓语动词用法: 动词不定式(to do)的用法: 1. 作主语: To learn English well is important. To eat vegetables can help us keep healthy. △ 动词不定式作主语时,可以用动名词替换。 Learning English is important. Eating vegetables can help us keep healthy. △ 动词不定式作主语时,常用it作形式主语,而把不定式放在后面。 It’s important to learn English. It can help us keep healthy to eat vegetables. 2. 作表语: My job is to teach English./His hobby is to collect stamps. 3. 作宾语: (1).动词不定式常用作及物动词的宾语,这些动词有: want=would like(想要), learn, teach,make up one’s mind=decide=determine(决定做),hope, wish,agree, afford(负担得起),try (do) one’s best(尽力),take actions(采取行动),plan, expect, manage(设法), fail, offer(主动提出), promise, refuse(拒绝), pretend(假装),prepare, fear,demand/need(要求,需要),arrange(安排),have ability(有能力)。 He wants to go home at once. I began to play the piano when I was four. 4. 作宾语补足语: (1).动词不定式还可用作双宾的形式,这些动词有 want=would like(想要),task / tell / teach/warn(警告) / wish / need=require=request(需要,要求)/expect /wish/ order =instruct=comand(命令,指示)/ encourage / allow =permit(允许)/ invite / enable / force /advise(建议)/beg(求)/bear(忍受)/drive(驱使)/cause(致使,引起)/persuade(说服) sb. (not)to do sth. Lucy asked him to turn down the radio. Mother told me not to come home late. I’d like you to meet my family. 批注:advise sb. to do sth./suggest (that) sb.(should) do sth.(虚拟语气) △使役动词make, let, have后的宾语补足语,其不定式的to要省略。而help 后的不定式可以带to,也可以不带to。但是改成被动语态时,要加“to”: make/let/have sb. do sth. /help sb.(to) do sth. Could you please help me (to) do some housework? I hear him sing every night. (变成被动语态) →He is heard to sing by me every night.(变成被动语态) We saw her play the piano last night. →She was seen to play the piano by us last night. It made me feel sad.(变成被动语