专题02 阅读理解说明文&议论文-【大题小卷】冲刺2022年高考英语大题限时集训（新高考专用）

专题02 阅读理解说明文&议论文-【大题小卷】冲刺2022年高考英语大题限时集训（原卷版） 说明文阅读理解一般作为全国卷阅读理解中的C/D篇，主要分为两种类型：实验研究和介绍说明型。除了遵循上述文本结构的几个部分的模式外，作者在谋篇布局上常使用以下说明方法：描述法（description）（包括举例子、下定义、列数据等）、因果法（cause and effect）、问题与对策法（problem and solution）。 议论文阅读理解一般作为全国卷阅读理解中的C/D篇，主要考查学生的逻辑思维能力。从文章中的细节、主旨以及写作意图等方面着手，学生能从中总结出一个论点出来。 一、说明文 例1 People blink (眨眼) their eyes tens of thousands of times every day. Scientists have long believed blinking was an involuntary movement and served mainly to keep the eyeballs wet. But a new study suggests it has a more important purpose. An international team of scientists from the University of California at Berkeley studied the blinking of human eyelids. The journal Current Biology published their findings. The team said they said they found that blinking “repositions our eyeballs so we can stay focused” on what we are seeing. They said that when we blink our eyelids, the eyes roll back into their sockets - the bony area that surrounds and protects the eyes. However, the researchers found the eyes don’t always return to the same position. They said this causes the brain to tell the eye muscles to recoganize our eyesight. Gerrit Maus is the lead writer of the report. He serves as an assistant professor of psychology at Nanyang Technological University in Singapore. Maus said, “Our eye muscles are quite sluggish (迟缓的) and imprecise, so the brain needs to constantly adapt its motor signals to make sure our eyes are pointing where they’re supposed to. Our findings suggested that the brain measures the difference in what we see before and after a blink, and commands the eyes muscles to make the needed corrections.” The researchers said that without such corrections our surroundings would appear unclear and even jumpy. They said the movement acts “like a steadicam (摄影稳定器) of the mind.” The researchers said they asked volunteers to sit in a dark room while staring at a small dot on a flat surface. They used special cameras to follow the volunteer’s blinks and eye movements.