第三讲 定语从句专题复习-邦国教育2022年新教材牛津译林版英语高一寒假作业

第三讲 定语从句 1、 知识梳理 知识点一:定语从句的定义和分类 定语从句：复合句中，修饰、限定前面名词和代词的从句，相当于一个形容词，在句子中起定语作用 类型 关系 限制性定语从句 从句与先行词之间没有逗号 从句与主句密不可分，如省去，主句的意义就不完整 非限制性定语从句 有逗号隔开，关系词不用that 只起补充说明的作用，省略也不影响主句意义的完整 Teachers who are kind are popular with the students. Mr Wang, who is kind, is popular with the students. 一、定语从句的构成 This is the best film that I have seen. ★先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。 ★关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词又分为关系代词与关系副词 关系代词：that, which, who, whom, whose 关系副词：when, where, why 二、关系代词 作用：引导定语从句，并在从句中充当主语、宾语 代指人：who，whom，that，whose 代指物：that，which，whose 关系词通常有下列三个作用： A、引导定语从句； B、代替先行词； C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。 1. who指人,作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略） The man who I talked with is our teacher. A person who steals things is called a thief. 2. whom指人,作宾语 (作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省) The man whom/who I nodded to is Mr. Li. The man to whom I nodded is Professor Li. 3. which 指物，作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略, 如介词提前则不能省) These are the trees which were planted last year. This recorder which he is using is made in Japan. Is this the library which you borrow books from? Is this the library from which you borrow books? 4. that 指人/物，作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略），且只用在限制性定语从句中。 A plane is a machine that can fly. He is the man that/who/whom I told you about. 5. whose 在定从中作定语，表所属关系，翻译为“他的/她的/它的”，用来代替 his，her，their，its. whose指人也指物 指物时 = of which 指人时 = of whom This is the book whose cover is blue. This is the book of which the cover is blue. This is the book the cover of which is blue. Do you know the girl whose father died in Iraq. Do you know the girl of whom the father died in Iraq. Do you know the girl the father of whom died in Iraq. 注意点： ★ 只用that 不用which 的情况 ①当先行词是anything, everything, nothing , none等不定代词时，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修饰时等，这时的that常被省略。 ②还有先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时,或先行词就是序数词或最高级时. ③以及先行词中既有人又有物时，还有句中前面有which或who时,都只能用that ④当先行词被the only，the very 修饰时表示强调 ⑤两个定语从句中一个已用which时，另一个用that ★ 只用which不用that的情况： ①介词后 ②用于非限制定语从句中 ③which可指代前面讲到的整件事。 ★ 只用who不用that的情况： ①先行词是指人的不定代词anyone等或those ★ way后面的定语从句，引导定语从句有三种情况：in which或that或 \ 作状语：in