专题6. 定语从句 -2021-2022学年九年级英语寒假精讲精练（外研版）

定语从句 一．知识解析 　　在复合句中作定语,修饰主句中某一名词或代词的从句,叫定语从句。定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词,通常位于定语从句之前。引导定语从句的是关系代词that,which,who,whom,whose等和关系副词when,where,why等。关系代词或关系副词位于先行词和定语从句之间,它既起连接作用,又充当从句中的一个成分。 关系词 作用 先行词 例句 that,who,whom 主语、宾 语、表语 人 Do you know the girl who/that has got an “A” in the exam?你知道考试中得“A”的那个女孩吗? that,which 主语、宾 语、表语 物 She got a computer which/that her parents bought for her.她有一台电脑,这台电脑是她父母给她买的。 whose 定语 人、物 The boy whose father is a doctor studies very hard.这个男孩学习非常刻苦,他爸爸是位医生。 The room whose window is open is mine.开着窗户的那个房间是我的。 when 状语 时间 I still remember the day when you left for Beijing.我仍然记得你动身去北京的那一天。 where 状语 地点 This is the school where my mother works.这就是我妈妈工作的那个学校。 why 状语 原因 Could you explain the reason why you were late?你能解释一下你迟到的原因吗? 1.关系代词的用法 一般情况下,that既可指人又可指物,可以代替who,whom和which,在从句中作主语、表语或谓语动词的宾语;which指物,在从句中作主语、表语或谓语动词及介词的宾语;who在从句中作主语、表语或宾语;whom在从句中作宾语;whose在从句中作定语。如: A doctor is a person who looks after a patient.  先行词　主语　　谓语　　宾语  分析:who是关系代词,在定语从句中作主语。 句意:医生就是照顾病人的人。 (1)下列情况下,先行词指物时,定语从句只能用that引导,不能用which引导: ①当先行词是all,little,much,none,everything,anything,nothing等不定代词时。如: Is there anything(that)you don’t understand? 你有什么不懂的地方吗? Tom told his mother all that had happened. 汤姆把发生的所有事情告诉了他的妈妈。 ②当先行词前面有the only,the very,the last等修饰时。如: This is the only book that I can find. 这是我能找到的唯一一本书。 ③当序数词或形容词最高级修饰先行词时。如: This is the best book that I have ever read. 这是我读过的最好的书。 ④当先行词前面有only,all,any,no等修饰时。如: I want to read all the books that were written by Lu Xun. 我想把鲁迅的著作全读完。 ⑤当主句是以疑问词which开头的特殊疑问结构时。如: Which is the hotel that you like best? 哪个是你最喜欢的旅店? (2)关系代词的省略 一般情况下,关系代词作宾语时可以省略,但关系代词which,whom在从句中作介词的宾语并且介词位于关系代词前时,不能省略。如: I’ll never forget the day on which I joined the club. 我永远不会忘记我加入俱乐部的那一天。 注意:that,which,who在从句中作主语时,不能省略。如: Who is the boy that is talking with our teacher? 正在和我们老师谈话的那个男孩是谁? 二．知识拓展 关系副词的用法 (1)when表示时间,在定语从句中作时间状语。如: I still remember the year when you graduated from No. 8 Middle School.我依然记得你从八中毕业的那一年。 (2)why表示原因,在定语从句中作原因状语,