技能 4 主旨大意题（真题+各地名校） --备战2022年高考英语阅读理解专项突破

备战2022年高考英语阅读理解专项突破 技能 4 主旨大意题 解题指导 素养提升 题型特点 　　主旨大意题要求高、难度大，是阅读理解中考生最容易失分的题目。此类试题不仅要求考生有略读文章、领会大意的能力，还要求考生具有较强的判断、推理、归纳和分析问题的能力。主旨大意题一般包括：文章标题、文章主旨和段落大意。　 正确选项特征 1.涵盖性强，覆盖全文或全段。 2.范围恰当，既不太宽泛，也不片面。 3.精确性强，不会改变原文表意的程度及感情色彩。 干扰选项特征 1.过于笼统，不知所云：所给选项内容概括的范围过大，超出文章所述内容。 2.以偏概全，主次不分：所给选项只涵盖文章的部分内容，与原文只有部分交集，或以文中的细节信息或个别词作为选项内容，或以次要内容充当主要内容。 3.移花接木，偷换概念：所给选项把A的内容放在B上。 4.无中生有，生搬硬套：所给选项的内容看似与原文相关，实则无关。 典例剖析 标题归纳题 规律技巧：记叙文、说明文和议论文所沙及的不同话题阅读材料都会考查到标题归纳。一般文章的标题可根据主题句来判断，但在某些文章中，如记叙文，没有明确的主题句，需要根据文中的事实细节，查找“主线”，归纳标题。好标题要有概括性、针对性(覆盖全文大意)和醒目。 [真题典例1] (2021·全国乙C篇) You’ve heard that plastic is polluting the oceans-between 4.8 and 12.7million tonnes enter ocean ecosystems every year.But does one plastic straw or cup really make a difference?Artist Benjamin Von Wong wants you to know that it does.He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage.forcing viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products. 　　At the beginning of the year,the artist built a piece called“Strawpocalypse,"a pair of 10-foot-tall plastic waves,frozen mid-crash.Made of 168,000 plastic straws collected from several volunteer beach cleanups,the sculpture made its first appearance at the Estella Place shopping center in Ho Chi Minh City,Vietnam. 　　Just 9%of global plastic waste is recycled.Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source(来源)of plastic pollution,but they've recently come under fire because most people don't need them to drink with and,because of their small size and weight,they cannot be recycled.Every straw that's part of Von Wong's artwork likely came from a drink that someone used for only a few minutes.Once the drink is gone,the straw will take centuries to disappear. 　　In a piece from 2018,Von Wong wanted to illustrate(说明)a specific statistic:Every60 seconds,a truckload's worth of plastic enters the ocean.For this work,titled“Truckload of Plastic,"Von Wong and a group of volunteers collected more than 10,000 pieces of plastic,which were then tied together to look