内容正文:
备战2022年高考英语阅读理解专项突破
技能 2 词义猜测题
解题指导 素养提升
题型特点
词义猜测题是历年高考必考题型。常见的考查形式有:①猜测某个词、短语或句子的含义;②推断某个常见的多义词或短语在具体语境下的意思;③判断文中的某个代词指代的对象;④解释英语中特定的表达(谚语、俚语等)。
正确选项特征
1. 相应词语的同义词语。
2.对相应语句、语块的解释、复述或概括。
干扰选项特征
1. 对原相应表达方式的不正确改写。
2. 半对半错。
3. 曲解原意。
常见的设问方式有:
Which of the following has the closest meaning to“…."?
Which of the following can replace the word“…."?
What does the underlined word/phrase/expression“.…”refer to/mean?
Who does“."refer to in the text?
典例剖析
规律技巧1:根据上下文逻辑猜测。要特别注意需猜测词义的词句前后出现的表示因果、转折、对比或递进
等逻辑关系的词语。
[真题典例1] (2021·新高考I C篇节选)
When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America,the skies and lands were alive with an
astonishing variety of wildlife.Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely.
Unfortunately,it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources.Millions of waterfowl(水禽)were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen.Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations,greatly reducing waterfowl habitat(栖息地).
29.What does the underlined word“decimate"mean in the first paragraph? 选项出处
A. Acquire. 原文未提
B. Export. 原文未提
C. Destroy. 一段②③句
D. Distribute. 原文未提
[路径一] 从问(题干)的角度解答—一如何得出正解
第1步:题干的关键信息为decimate和the first paragraph。根据理解原文的三大方法,我们回到原文一段③句。该句提到,不幸的是,探险者和随后而来的殖民者仅用了几十年时间,就将这些资源中的一大部分 decimate.。由本句尚无法得知decimate一词的意思,但由句首的Unfortunately(不幸的是)一词可知,本句与上句之间应为转折关系,故需联系上文。
第2步:一段②句指出,美洲原住民妥善地保护着这些珍贵的自然资源。由于③句与②句应形成转折,因此,③句中的decimate的释义应与②句中的had taken care of(保护)的释义相反。备选项中Destroy(破坏)代人后符合语意,且能够与②句中的had taken care of形成对照。C项是对原文的合理推断,同时可排除A、B、D三项。
第3步:已由第2步得出正确答案,因此,第3步省略。
规律技巧2:根据上下文线索,如打比方、举例