技能 1 细节理解题（真题+各地名校） --备战2022年高考英语阅读理解专项突破

备战2022年高考英语阅读理解专项突破 技能 1 细节理解题 解题指导 素养提升 题型特点 　　细节理解题考查原文提到的特定细节或具体事实，题干针对原文具体内容本身发问，它在高考阅读理解中所占比例一般保持在30%~50%，常见的类型有：直接信息题、间接信息题和数字计算题，选项特点： 正确选项特征 1.原文原词。用原文原词作为正确选项。 2.同义替换。常见方法有：①对原文中的关键词进行同义替换，如把use up换成run out of;②把原文中的一些词变换词性，如把修饰语important变换成of importance;③改变原文句子的语态，如主动语态与被动语态的转换。 3.信息归纳。用精炼的语言概括原文中比较分散或复杂的信息，设置为正确选项。 干扰选项特征 1.文不对题。是原文信息，但不是与题目对应的内容。 2.张冠李戴。细节与原文一致，但把本来做该事的“张三”换成“李四”。 3.无中生有。符合常识，但原文未提及。 4.偷梁换柱。与原文信息极其相似，但在关键信息处改变了或所指对象等从而改变具体内涵 5.扩缩范围。如原文用almost,all,nearly,more than,normally,转换。usually等词对信息加以限制，干扰选项则改变了限定范围。 6.颠倒是非。与原文信息大相径庭甚至完全相反。 7.正误参半。内容部分正确，部分错误。 典例剖析 直接&间接信息题 规律技巧1：直接信息题多为直接考查原文中的信息，利用一一对应的直观信息是细节理解题的初级命题策略。 规律技巧2：间接信息题的选项不直接出现原文中的信息，而是借助同义（近义）转换、概念解析、事实归纳概括等方法对原文信息进行适当的转换，亦是细节理解题的常见命题策略。 [真题典例1] (2021·全国乙A篇) The Biggest Stadiums in the World People have been pouring into stadiums since the days of ancient Greece.In around 80 A.D.the Romans built the Colosseum,which remains the world's best known stadium and continues to inform contemporary design. Rome's Colosseum was 157 feet tall and had 80entrances,seating 50,000 people.However,that was small fry compared with the city's Circus Maximus,which accommodated around 250,000 people. 　　These days,safety regulations-not to mention the modern sports fan's desire for a good view and a comfortable seat-一tend to keep stadium capacities(容量)slightly lower.Even soccer fans tend to have a seat each;gone are the days of thousands standing to watch the match. 　　For the biggest stadiums in the world,we have used data supplied by the World Atlas list so far,which ranks them by their stated permanent capacity,as well as updated information from official stadium websites. 　　All these stadiums are still functional,still open and still hosting the biggest events in world sport. 　　·Rungrado 1st of May Stadium,Pyongyang,D.P.R.Korea.Capacity:150,000.Opened:May 1,1989. 　　·Michigan Stadium,Ann Arbor.,Michigan,U.S.Capacity:107,601.Opened:October 1,1927. 　　·Beaver Stadium,State College,Pennsylvania,U.S.Ca