专题5.定语从句 -2021-2022学年高一英语寒假精讲精练（人教版2019）

定语从句 一、基本概念 1．定语从句：在一个主从复合句中修饰某一个名词、代词或修饰整个主句的从句叫定语从句。换句话说，定语从句就是用来作定语的句子。 2．先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。先行词前一般用the ，但在指“一个”概念时可用 a , an 。 3．关系代词 / 关系副词：连接先行词和定语从句的词叫关系词，根据其在从句中作用分为关系代词或关系副词。若先行词在从句中作主语、宾语和定语等，应用关系代词引导定语从句；若先行词在从句中作时间状语、地点状语和原因状语等，应用关系副词引导定语从句。 4．定语从句的位置：一般紧跟在先行词后面。但有时因句子结构的需要，定语从句和先行词被某些成分隔开。 5．引导定语从句的关系词分为二类： 关系代词：that, which ,who, whom ,whose , as 关系副词：when, where, why 二、基本用法 1．关系代词的基本用法 关系代词 从句中作用 例句 who 指人 作主语 宾语（可省略） 1．This is the girl who / that teaches us English. ( who / that指人，修饰先行词the girl，在从句中作主语) 2．He is the boy whom / who / that I met yesterday. ( whom / who / that 指人，修饰先行词the boy在从句中作宾语，whom / who / that 可省略。) whom 指人 作宾语（可省略） whose 指人、物 作定语 3．This is the girl whose father is an engineer. （whose作定语，用来修饰人） 4．I live in a room whose windows face the south. （whose作定语，用来修饰物，whose windows = the windows of which 或of which the windows） which 指物 作主语 宾语（可省略） 6．This is the book which / that I lost yesterday. (which/ that指物，作宾语，可省略) 7．The clock is an instrument which / that can tell time. （which / that 指物，作主语） 8．Do you know the woman that / who lives next door? (that / who 指人，作主语) that 指人、物 作主语 宾语（可省略） as 指物 作主语、宾语 可修饰整个主句 9．This is the same pen as I bought yesterday. (as指物，在从句中作宾语) 10．As we all know, Taiwan is part of China. (as指代整个主句的内容) 2．使用关系代词时应注意的几个问题： a. 在以下几种情况下只使用that不用which。 1.先行词是不定代词时，如: all, anything, everything, nothing, something, little, few, much。 1.I told him all (that) I know. 2.He gave her everything (that) he had. 2.先行词被all, every, any, the very, the only, the just等修饰时。 1.I have read all the books (that) you gave me. 2.You can take any book (that) you like. 3.先行词被序数词和形容词的最高级修饰时。 1. This is the best book (that) I have ever read. 2. The second place (that) I want to visit is Shanghai. 4.先行词既有人又有物时。 1.We talked about the persons and things (that) we remember in the school. 2.The people and the animals that were killed in the earthquake have all been found. 5.在Who, Whic