专题一 第四讲 推理判断题（教参）-2022高考英语【优化探究】二轮专题复习（新教材新高考）

第四讲　推理判断题 第一节　阅读素养必备/明段落展开，理句间关系 授课提示：对应学生用书第21页 在段落中，一般会有两个甚至多个扩展句对中心思想进行论证、解释，这也就是段落的展开。段落的展开模式多种多样。这里我们着重介绍常见的5种段落展开模式。 (一)列举型 列举法是比较常见的段落展开法。按此类方法展开的段落中，作者会先点明主题，提出论点，然后列举一系列的论据进行陈述或解释。列举的内容可以是一系列的事物、事件、理由或者一个问题的不同方面。列举的顺序可以是时间的先后、地理位置的远近或者内容的相对重要性等。 　The sentences in most well­written paragraphs may be analyzed into three general functions. First, there are paragraph introducers, which are sentences that establish the topic focus of the paragraph as a whole. (列举1) Second, there are paragraph developers, which present examples or details of various kinds that support the ideas set forth by the paragraph introducers. (列举2) Third, there are paragraph terminators, which logically conclude the ideas discussed in the paragraph in a psychologically satisfying manner. (列举3) Not all pieces of writing will conform to this analysis; however, most successful paragraphs usually contain the same combination of these three sentence types. (二)描述型 段落也可以用描述的方法来展开。常见的描述法有三种：时间顺序、空间顺序和过程顺序。这三种模式使段落的层次体现了一定的次序关系。用这种模式展开段落，作者能够清楚连贯地交代事物的本末，读者可以容易地理解段落的主旨。 1．时间顺序 这种方法主要是以事情发生的时间顺序或先后次序来展开段落，常出现在描述历史、时事、人物或事件的发展过程的文章中。描述顺序有“顺序”“倒序”和“插序”。 　Mauer，of Edgar，Wisconsin，grew up on a farm in a family of 10 children.Her dad worked at a job away from the farm，and her mother ran the farm with the kids.After high school，Jennifer attended a local technical college，working to pay her tuition (学费)，because there was no extra money set aside for a college education.After graduation，she worked to help her sisters and brothers pay for their schooling. Jennifer now is married and has three children of her own.She decided to go back to college to advance her career and to be able to better support her family while doing something she loves: nursing... 2．空间顺序 按照空间顺序展开的段落主要见于描述场所或空间、人或物的空间位置及其相互关系的文章中。 　It is a beautiful and quiet night. The moon is like a disc hanging in the dark sky, which casts its light on everything. Around the lake are some trees, their slender leaves blowing in the gentle wind. Th