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高考英语备考专题复习指导:定语从句的七大考点
定语从句是在主句中作定语,紧跟在先行词(被修饰的名词)之后的从句。
定语从句分为限制性的定语从句(从句在句中是不可缺少的部分,主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开)和非限制性的定语从句(从句是对主句的先行词的补充和说明,没有从句不影响主句的意思完整。主句和从句之间用逗号隔开)。定语从句一直是高考考查的重点内容。
关系代词和关系副词的选择
定语从句中关系代词和关系副词的选择主要根据先行词在定语从句中充当的成分来决定。如果它在句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语,则用关系代词who(m),that,which,as,whose;如果作狀语,则用关系副词when,where,why。
比较如下:
who 指代人,在从句中作主语,间或作宾语。
which 指代物,在从句中作主语或宾语。
关系代词
that 可用于指代人,也可以用于指代物;在从句中作主语或宾语。
whose 表示所属关系,用于指代人或物,在从句中作定语。
when 表示时间,在从句中作时间状语。
关系副词
where 表示地点,在从句中作地点状语。
why 表示原因,在从句中作原因状语。
实战演练
1. Much to her relief,the research she had been devoted to in the past 20 years proved to be a great success and earned her many awards.
2. Finally he reached a lonely island ______ was cut off from the outside world.
3. George Orwell, real name was Eric Arthur,wrote many political novels and essays.
4. He was born in the year the Anti-Japanese War broke out.
5. There were dirty marks on her trousers , she had wiped her hands.
答案
1. (that/which)
2. which/that
3. whose 4. when
5. where
that与which,who,whom的用法区别
1. 只能用关系代词that的情况
当先行词为all,everything,anything,nothing,little,much,等不定代词时;
当先行词被all,any,every,each,much,little,no,some,few等修饰时;
当先行词有形容词最高级和序数词修饰时;
当先行词既指人又指物时;
当先行词被the only,the very修饰时;
当句中已经有who或which时,为了避免重复时。
2. 只用which,who,whom的情况
在非限制性定语从句中,只能用which指代物,用who/whom指人;
在由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中,只能用which指物,whom指人;
当先行词本身是that时,关系词用which,当先行词为those,one,he时多用who。
实战演练
1. Guilin is one of the most beautiful cities I have ever visited.
2. Who has ever worked together with him doesnt admire him?
3. This is the very book Im looking for.
4. They are talking of the heroines and their deeds interest them.
答案
1. that 2. that 3. that 4. that
特殊先行词引导的定语从句
1. 英语中一些特殊的先行词,如:case,degree,stage,point,position,situation,activity,business,family等,表示“情况、方面或处境”等含义时,而且关系词在从句中作抽象意义上的地点状语,意思是“到了某种地步,在某种境况中”,此时用where引导定语从句。
2. 当先行词occasion,point,stage表示“时间点或时间段”,且其后的关系词在从句中作时间状语时,用when引导定语从句。
3. 当先行词为way时,若在从句中作状语,表示“用这或那种方式/方法(=in this/that way)”时,通常不用关系词,偶尔用that,在较正式的文体里才用in which。若在从句中作主语或宾语,