专题 14 宾语从句和定语从句-破解2022年中考英语之易错易混点丢分题

【2021·甘肃天水市·中考真题】—Could you tell me _____? —The day after tomorrow. A． when we had the school leavers’ party B．when did we have the school leavers’ party B． when will we have the school leavers' party D．when we will have the school leavers’ party 【参考答案】D 【试题解析】句意：—你能告诉我什么时候举行毕业生聚会吗？—后天。考查宾语从句。when we had the school leavers’ party一般过去时，陈述语序；when did we have the school leavers’ party一般过去时，疑问语序；when will we have the school leavers’ party一般将来时，疑问语序；when we will have the school leavers’ party一般将来时，陈述语序。根据答语“The day after tomorrow.”可知，空出的句子应用一般将来时，故排除A、B项；根据句意，空出的句子是宾语从句，应用陈述语序，故排除C项。故选D。 此题考查宾语从句，学生想做对宾语从句的题，必须掌握住三个原则：一、宾语从句应用陈述语序；二、宾语从句的时态应和主句保持一致；三、选择正确的宾语从句引导词。此题中A项和D项都是陈述语序；根据答语“The day after tomorrow.（后天）”遵循时态一致原则，D项为一般将来时，符合题意。 宾语从句的种类 宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。 1. 由that引导的宾语从句。that只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。 He said (that) he wanted to stay at home. She doesn’t know (that) she is seriously ill. I am sure (that) he will succeed. 2. 由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。 Do you know who (whom) they are waiting foe? He asked whose handwriting was the best. Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is? I don’t know why the train is late. 3. 由if或whether引导的宾语从句。if和whether在句中的意思是＂是否＂。 I want to know if (whether) he lives there. He asked me whether (if) I could help him. 【辨析】宾语从句的引导词 引导词 引导词的作用 例句 that 无意义，只起连接作用，常可省略 He said （that） Kate was good at swimming.他说凯特擅长游泳。 what，which， who，whose， whom等连接代词 在从句中作主语、宾语、定语等 I don’t know what they are going to do. 我不知道他们打算干什么。 when，where，why，how等连接副词 在从句中作状语 Could you tell me where you are from?你能告诉我你来自哪吗？ if，whether 意为＂是否＂，不作句子成分，但不能省略 He asked me if she was a teacher. 他问我她是否是一位老师。 【典例】—We don’t know _______________. —It is said that he was born in Sweden. A. what he is B. if he lives here C. where he comes from D. which country is he from 【答案】C 【解析】该题考查的是宾语从句的语序。按照他们谈论的话题可知：他们说的是某人是哪里人。A和B可以排除掉。D的语序不对，只有C正确。 宾语从句的语序 宾语