内容正文:
定语从句
知识讲解
一、定义
在复合句中,修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句,被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,通常位于定语从句之前。引导定语从句的有关系代词who, whom, whose, which, that等和关系副词where, when, why等,关系代词和关系副词,既起到连接作用,又在定语从句中担任句子成份。总结定语从句的一般结构为:先行词+关系词+定语从句。
一、关系代词
1. 关系代词指代先行词,在从句中作主语,宾语或表语,基本用法如下表:
关系词
作用
先行词
例句
who
主语/
宾语
人
This is the boy who often helps me. 这就是帮我的那个男孩。
I happened to meet the professor (who/ whom) I got to know at a party in the shopping center yesterday.
昨天在购物中心,我碰巧遇到了那位我在一次聚会上认识的教授。
whom
宾语
人
The man whom you are waiting for has gone home.
你等那个人已经回家了。
that
主语/
宾语
人或物
This is the pen that writes well. 这是那支很好写的笔。
This is the pen that you want. 这是你想要的钢笔。
The tallest player that plays football for our team is from Fujian. 在为我们队踢足球的最高哪个运动员来自福建。
which
主语/
宾语
物
The room in which there is a machine is a work shop.有个机器的房间是车间。
The river which is in front of my house is very clean.从我家前面流过的河流非常清澈。
whose
定语
人或物
The room whose door is blue is mine.
蓝色房门的那个房间是我的房间。
注意:一般情况下,that既可以指人又可以指物,可以代替who, whom和which,在句子中充当主语,宾语或表语;