内容正文:
Section Ⅲ Using language
非限制性定语从句
用适当的关系代词或关系副词填写下面教材中的句子并体会他们的语法特征
1.I walk through the doors into the waiting area,where there's a familiar atmosphere of boredom and tension.
2.I speak with the onduty nurse,who tells me that Lara's parents rushed her to the hospital after she fell off her bicycle.
3.Scientific studies show that laughter produces chemicals to make people feel better,which means clown doctors can be helpful.
非限制性定语从句在句中主要起补充说明作用,在非限制性定语从句与主句之间往往有逗号隔开,从句独立存在,如果把从句去掉,一般不会影响整个句子的意思。
知识点1 非限制性定语从句的关系词
1.关系代词的选择
(1)非限制性定语从句不能用关系代词that引导。
(2)指人时,若关系词在从句中作主语,要用who,作宾语用whom(此时whom不能用who替代)。
(3)指物时,关系词要用which,which在从句中作主语或宾语。同时,which引导非限制性定语从句时,可以替代整个主句的内容。
(4)whose引导非限制性定语从句时,指人或物,在从句中作定语。
(5)在非限制性定语从句中,即使关系代词在从句中作宾语也不能省略。
◆Li Ming,who is my cousin,has gradually adjusted to the life in America.
李明是我表弟,他已经逐渐适应了美国的生活。
◆Peter,whom you met in London,is now back in Paris.
彼得现在回巴黎了,你在伦敦见过他。
◆Tom,whose father is one of my old friends,came to see me from London.
汤姆是我的一个老朋友的儿子,他从伦敦来看我。
◆Tom studies hard and is ready to help others,which is what his parents expect.
汤姆学习努力且乐于助人,这正是他父母所期望的。
2.关系副词的选择
在非限制性定语从句中,关系副词(when,where)的选择方法和在限制性定语从句中的一样,即关系副词在从句中作时间状语用when,作地点状语用where;关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句,但可用for which代替why来引导。
◆Our graduation will be held in July,when we will say goodbye to our teachers.
我们的毕业典礼将在七月举行,那时我们将和老师们告别。
◆They went to London,where they lived for six months.
他们去了伦敦,在那儿待了六个月的时间。
◆None of us accepted the reason he explained,for which he was absent.
我们没有一个人接受他所解释的缺席的理由。
◎ 即学即练——单句语法填空
(1)Mr.Zhang,who came to see me yesterday,is an old friend of my father.
(2) Mr.Brown has written a novel,whose name I completely forget.
(3)The story in the book happened in Canada,where Doctor Bethune was born.
(4)I left on Sunday,when everyone was at home.
知识点2 限制性/非限制性定语从句的区别
区别
限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句
形式上
关系词和先行词不用逗号分开
关系词和先行词用逗号分开
意义上
是先行词不可缺少的定语,如删去,句子意思将不完整
只是对先行词的补充说明,如删去,句子意思仍然完整、明确
译法上
通常译成先行词的定语,即“……的……”
通常译成与主句并列的分句
关系词的使用上
可用that;关系代词作宾语时可省略
不用that;关系