定语从句和关系代词讲解素材 2022届高考英语语法总复习

高考英语语法总复习：定语从句和关系代词讲解 在英语中， 用来修饰名词的句子叫做定语从句， 也叫关系从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词引出。引导定语从句的关系代词有who、 which、that、whom、 whose等,关系副词有 where、when、why等。关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中担任句子成分。常见的关系代词有who, which和that,他们所代替的先行词是表示人或物的名词或代词,并在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。 关系代词that在定语从句中既可指人，也可指物；关系代词who只可指人；关系代词which指物,不指人。关系代词that，who，which在从句中作主语或宾语。作主语时，不能省略； 作宾语时， 可以省略。 在复合句中,定语从句用来修饰一个名词或代词。其中被修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词引出。常见的关系代词有who, which和that。他们所代替的先行词是表示人或物的名词或代词,并在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。 如: He is the man who I saw three days ago.他就是我三天前见的那个人 Football is a game which is liked by most boys.足球是一种深受大多数男孩喜欢的运动。 Give me the book that you read just now.把你刚才读的书给我。 注意:在含有定语从句的复合句中,如果关系代词作从句的主语,则从句中谓语动词的人称 和数与先行词保持一致。如 Now we have ten classes which learn French.现在我们有十个学法语的班 The man who lives next door to us is very strange.住在我们隔壁的那个男人很奇怪。 1.关系代词that 关系代词that指人时,相当于who或者whom;指物时,相当于 which。在宾语从句中作主语或者宾语,作宾语时可省略。例如: The people who/that come to visit the city are all here.(在句子中作主语) 来参观这座城市的人都在这里。 Where is the book(which/that )I read this morning?(在句子中作宾语) 我早上读的那本书在哪里?如: Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle. 玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。 The coat(that) I tried on this morning is quite nice. 我今早试穿的那件外套真漂亮。 A plane is a machine that can fly. 飞机是会飞的机器。 The man (that) my father saw on the street is my teacher. 我父亲在街上看见的人是我的老师。 2.关系代词which 关系代词 which指物,在定语从句中作主语或者宾语,作宾语时可省略。例如: Football is a game which is liked by most boys.( which在句子中作主语) 足球是一种被绝大多数男孩子喜欢的运动。 This is the pen (which )he bought yesterday( which在句子中作宾语) 这就是他昨天买的那支笔。 the fridge which he bought yesterday, 这就是他昨天买的电冰箱。 The building which stands near my school is a supermarket 位于我的学校旁边的那憧大楼是一家超市 It’s a book which introduces how to cook. 这是介绍怎样煮吃的书。 The bike (which) Jim’s father bought yesterday is a present for Jim. Jim的父亲昨天买的自行车是给 Jim的礼物。 3.关系代词who 关系代词who指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。 例如: Yesterday I helped an old man who lost way. 昨天我帮助了一位迷了路的老人。 Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way. 昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。 Mr Lin is just the man who I want to Interview. 林先生就是我想采访的人 This