内容正文:
单元语法突破
现在完成时
现在完成时表示过去发生或已完成的某个动作对现在产生的影响或结果,常与already,yet,just等状语连用;也可以指过去开始的动作或状态延续到现在或者有可能继续下去,常与表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在(包括“现在”在内)的一段时间的状语连用。
练案 英语
1.现在完成时的结构
肯定句结构:主语+have/has+动词过去分词
否定句结构:主语+have/has+not+动词过去分词
一般疑问句结构:Have/Has+主语+过去分词
练案 英语
2.过去分词的变化规则
规则动词的过去分词与过去式相同;不规则动词的过去分词要熟记不规则动词表。
规则动词的过去分词的构成如下表:
规则变化 动词
原形 过去分词
一般在动词原形末尾加-ed(读音:在清辅音后读/t/,在浊辅音后读/d/,在/t/,/d/后读/Id/) look
call
move
want looked
called
moved
wanted
以字母e结尾的动词后加-d live
hope lived
hoped
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词,变y为i后,加-ed (读/Id/) study
carry studied
carried
以“元音字母+y”结尾的动词,直接加-ed(读/d/) play
stay played
stayed
末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词,先双写这个辅音字母,再加-ed stop
beg stopped
begged
练案 英语
不规则动词的过去式及过去分词常见的有:
be→was/were→been do→did→done
go→went→gone see→saw→seen
tell→told→told teach→taught→taught
make→made→made write→wrote→written
give→gave→given
练案 英语
3.常与现在完成时连用的时间状语
现在完成时常与下列时间状语连用:this week/month,lately,recently,these days,in the past few years,during the last two weeks,since+时间点,for+时间段,so far,up to now,till/until now,ever,never,before,once/twice等。
【误区警示】 某些非延续性动词,即动作开始便终止的动词,在现在完成时中不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。常见的此类动词有:die,arrive,join,leave,go, finish,buy,come,lend,borrow,marry等。上述动词在现在完成时中不能接由for或since引导的时间状语。
练案 英语
Ⅰ.用所给单词的适当形式完成句子
1.—Have you (finish)your homework yet?
—Yes.I (finish)it a moment ago.
2.Jim has never (be) to Mount Tai in China.
3.Mum,I (finish) practising the piano.May I go to play
football now?
4.This novel is very interesting.My brother (read) it three
times.(2020绥化)
5.We (know) Mary since she was a little girl.
finished
finished
been
have finished
has read
have known
练案 英语
( )6.I’m so glad that I nearly half of the test now.(2020河北)
A.finish B.finished
C.will finish D.have finished
( )7.Han Mei,a good friend of mine, me a lot with my English in the past three years.(2020福建)
A.helps B.helped
C.has helped D.is helping
D
C
Ⅱ.单项选择
练案 英语
( )8.We each other since I came to Beijing,but we