内容正文:
专题八 情态动词和虚拟语气
考向 情态动词和虚拟语气
单句语法填空
1.(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)The artist was sure he would (choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor's chief minister, the old man laughed.
答案 be chosen
解析 句意:画家确信他会被选中,但是当他把他的杰作送给皇帝的宰相时,这位老人笑了。主语he与谓语动词choose构成动宾关系,且空前有would,故用“be+及物动词的过去分词”。
2.(2020·1月浙江卷)However, greater attention should (place) on longevity.
答案 be placed
解析 句意:然而,应该更多地关注长寿。place和主语attention之间是动宾关系,且空前有should,故此处用“be+及物动词的过去分词”。
3.(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Truly elegant chopsticks might (make) of gold and silver with Chinese characters.
答案 be made
解析 主语chopsticks与谓语动词make之间是动宾关系,且位于情态动词后面,故填be made。
4.(2014·新课标全国样卷)Mum:Are they there? Oh,my goodness.I have put them in there when the phone rang.
答案 must
解析 动词原形前常跟情态动词或助动词。根据句意可知,此处是对过去发生的动作的最有把握的猜测,在肯定句中用must have done形式。
一、常见情态动词的基本用法
情态动词
用 法
示 例
can/
could
表能力“能,会”
He couldn't answer the question.他不能回答那个问题。
表请求“能,可以”
Can you help me with this box?你能帮我搬这个箱子吗?
表允许“能,可以”
Can I read your newspaper?我能看看你的报纸吗?
提建议“可以”
You can ask Mr Li about it.这件事你可以问问李先生。
表推测“可能(疑问句或否定句)”
That can't be Mary.She's in New York.那不可能是Mary,她在纽约。
What can they be doing?他们可能在干什么呢?
may/
might
表允许
You may come if you wish.如果你愿意,你可以来。
—May I leave now?我现在可以走了吗?
—Yes, you may.是的,你可以。/
—No, you mustn't.不,你不可以。
表推测
This coat may be Peter's.这件大衣可能是Peter的。
表祝愿
May you succeed!祝你成功!
must
表必要性“必须”
—Must I give up smoking?我必须戒烟吗?
—Yes, you must.是的,你必须。/
—No, you needn't/don't have to.不,你不必。
表坚持“偏要,非要”
Must you make so much noise?你非得弄出这么大声吗?
表不可避免“必定会”
All men must die.人总有一死。
表推断“一定,准是”
You must be tired after your long walk.你走了那么远的路,一定累了。
mustn't表示“禁止”
You mustn't smoke here.你不准在此处吸烟。
shall
在疑问句中征求意见(主语是第一、三人称)
Shall we begin now?我们现在开始,好吗?
Shall he wait for you outside?要不要他在外面等你?
表示说话者给对方的承诺、决心、警告等(主语是第二、三人称)
You shall have a new dress for your birthday.你过生日一定得有件新衣服。
表强制 “必须,应该”(在法令、规章中)
Each competitor shall wear a number.每个参赛者要佩戴一个号码。
should