1.2 Grammar语法主谓一致 -【帮课堂】2021-2022学年高一英语同步精品讲义（译林版2020必修第二册）

Unit 1 Lights, camera, action 1.2 Grammar 主谓一致 知识精讲 概 念 主谓一致指谓语动词（包括系动词）在人称和数上要和主语保持一致。在解题过程中既要考虑谓语动词或系动词应该使用那种时态，又要考虑使用单复数的问题。比如我们一起来观察下面两个选自高考语法填空题中的句子： 1. In 1969, the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River near Cleveland, Ohio. It _______ (be) unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up. 我们看到主语it立刻可以确定be动词应该使用单数形式，再观察前一句时间状语为in 1969可以确定时态为一般过去时态，得出was这个答案。 2. There are several reasons why school uniforms are good idea. First of all, uniforms help the school look smart. The students feel that they belong to a particular group. When every pupil in the school wears the uniform, nobody _________ (have) to worry about fashion. 先去掉when引导的时间状语从句，得到主语是nobody的结论，且为单数，观察前后两句时态均为一般现在时态，综合分析得出答案has。 主谓一致的定义个三大原则 主谓一致是句子主语和谓语在“人称”和“数”方面保持一致，一般遵循三个原则：语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。 （一）语法一致原则 主语的单复数决定了谓语动词的单复数。 （1）以单数名词或代词、动词不定式、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。 ① His father is working on the farm. （单数名词作主语） ② To study English well is not easy. （动词不定式作主语） ③ What he said is very important for us all. （名词性从句作主语） ④ The children were in the classroom two hours ago. （复数名词作主语） ⑤ Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes. （动名词作主语） （2）当主语后面跟有 as well as，as much as，no less than, along with，with, like，rather than， together with，but，except，besides，including，in addition to 等引导的词组时，其谓语动词的单、复数按主语的单、复数而定。例如： ①The teacher as well as the students was excited. 老师和同学们都很兴奋。 ②I think Tom, rather than you wants to play basketball. 我认为是汤姆而不是想去打篮球。 ③The headmaster, along with his teachers, was present at the meeting yesterday. 这个校长和他的老师都参加了昨天会议 （3）and, both...and...连接两个不同的主语，谓语动词用复数形式。 ①Mike and Sue are always playing computer games. 迈克和休总是打电脑游戏。 注意：如果and连接两个单数可数名词或不可数名词，表示同一人、同一物或同一概念，或表示不可分的整体时，谓语动词用单数形式。 ①The writer and teacher is introducing his new book. 这位教师兼作家正在推销他的新书。 （4）在定语从句时，关系代词that, who, which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。 E.g. He is one of my friends who are working hard. 在定语从句中,若先行词为one of +复数名词,其定语从句的谓语动词用复数形式。若先行词为the only one of +复数名词，则定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式。 E.g. He is one of my frien