板块1 第1讲 名词和数词-2022新高考英语一轮复习【名师导航】配套Word教参(外研版·新高考)

第1讲　名词和数词 [前沿最新动态] 题型 高考典题试做 命题角度解读 语 法 填 空 1．(2020·浙江卷)Later, they learned to work with the seasons (season), planting at the right time and, in dry areas, making use of annual floods to irrigate (灌溉) their fields. 2．(2020·1月·浙江卷)For Japan，the numbers (number) are more striking—22 in 1950, 46 today and 53 in 2050． 3．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 that showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes (cause)． 4．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)She has turned down several invitations(invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies. 1．给出名词的单数形式，考查其复数形式； 2．给出数词的基数词，考查其序数词。 考点一　名词的数 [题组试做] 单句语法填空 1．The paper was used for sealing up holes in walls and roofs(roof) in the cold and freezing winter. 2．The pianos(piano) in the other shop will be cheaper，but they are not as good. 3．Many farmers opposed the plan because they feared that wolves (wolf) would kill their farm animals or pets. 4．I spent ten minutes walking up and down the high street, desperately avoiding eye contact with passers­by (passer­by)． 5．An ant has two stomachs (stomach). One holds the food for itself and the other is for food to be given to other ants. [要点解读] 一、名词单数变复数的规则变化 变化规则 例词 一般情况加­s map→maps；girl→girls； house→houses；mouth→mouths 以­th结尾的词，加­s month→months；truth→truths 以­s，­x，­sh，­ch结尾的，加­es class→classes；box→boxes； brush→brushes；match→matches 但是stomach(胃)的复数是stomachs； ox(公牛)的复数是oxen “辅音字母＋y”结尾的，变y为i加­es city→cities；country→countries； party→parties；factory→factories 注意：以元音字母＋y结尾的则直接 加­s，如boy→boys；toy→toys 以“辅音字母 ＋o”结尾的词 一般加­es tomato→tomatoes；potato→potatoes； hero→heroes；Negro→Negroes； mango→mangoes 注意：1．少数名词加­s或­es均可， 如volcano→volcano(e)s； mosquito→mosquito(e)s 2．少数名词只加s，如piano→pianos； photo→photos 以“元音字母 ＋o”结尾的词， 加­s radio→radios；zoo→zoos； bamboo→bamboos 以­f，­fe结尾 的词，通常 变f或fe为 v，再加­es half→halves；leaf→leaves； shelf→shelves；thief→thieves； wolf→wolves；wife→wives