内容正文:
必考点06 阅读理解
【题型概述】阅读理解是卷面上占比较大的一个题型。篇目大致在3-4篇,体裁多样,信息丰富,常考的有人物故事、日常生活、科普读物等,包括记叙文、说明文、议论文、应用文等各种文体。出卷人在设计题目时,注重考查学生根据上下文和构词法推断、理解生词的能力、掌握句子之间的逻辑关系的能力、对于文章主题和故事情节的归纳能力、以及根据不同题目和阅读目的获取关键信息的能力。考查的主要方式有判断正误、选择最佳选项和任务型阅读理解。
【解题步骤】
由文章到题目,适用于文章篇幅较长,需要充分理解内容、解题时间充裕的情况:首先,依据文章标题对文章的大致内容进行预测。然后,阅读文章的第一段, 抓住主题句、关键词, 从而更好地从整体上去理解和把握文章的中心。一边做,一边将一些关键人物、事件、数据或者作者观点做好标记。最后,根据设问从文章中寻找答案。
由题目到文章,适用于文章篇幅较短,不需要深层次理解文章、解题时间紧张的情况:首先,看题目设问以及各个选项所包含的信息。然后,有针对性地对文章进行扫读,对关键信息进行分析和对比。最后,根据文章细节排除干扰项,选出正确答案。
【解题技巧提炼】
学会寻找主题句:主题句通常置于段落的开头, 有时在段落末尾和中间, 其他的句子通常用来说明和阐述主题句。若把一个个主题句加以整理, 就能悟出其中心思想, 同时还可以回避、排除个别生词、难句所带来的干扰。但也有一些文章的中心思想常贯穿在全文中, 因而最好是要要综观全文, 对全文有一个透彻的理解。
掌握具体事实和重要细节:对于文章中出现的人物、时间、事件、地点、数据和作者观点的信息,要及时做好标注,以便和题目选项进行对比分析,从而排除干扰项,选出最佳选项。
把握正确的语义:阅读理解中,虽然会碰到一些我们并不熟悉的单词和短语,但是千万不要浪费太多时间在生词上,大部分生词是可以根据上下文, 结合构词法,或借助文章中的语境线索来进行猜测的。只要不影响整体篇章的阅读,我们应该灵活运用过往的常识和经验,来帮助理解生词。
A
(人物故事)
A farmer’s dog, Dolly, had puppies(小狗), and the farmer needed to sell them. He painted a sign and put it in his yard. As he was putting up the sign, a little boy walked up to him.
“Sir,” he said, “I want to buy one of your dogs.”
“Well,” said the farmer, “these dogs are very expensive.”
“Can I just look?” asked the boy.
“Sure,” said the farmer and whistled (吹口哨). “Here, Dolly!” he called.
Dolly ran out from the doghouse and four little dogs followed her. The boy became excited. Then, the little boy noticed another dog. This one was smaller. It moved slowly and tried to catch up with the others.
“I want that one,” the boy said, pointing to the little dog.
The farmer said, “Son, you don’t want that dog. He will never be able to run and play with you like these other dogs.”
The little boy reached down and rolled up (卷起) one leg of his trousers. He showed a cast (石膏) on his leg and a specially made shoe. He said, “You see, sir, I don’t run too well myself, and he will need someone who understands.”
The world is full of people who need someone who understands.
根据篇章内容,判断正误,正确的用“T”,错误的用“F”。
( )1.Dolly was a mother do