内容正文:
跟着课本学语法跟着课文学语法
本单元按教学目标要求须掌握的语法点为“v-ing形式作状语和宾语补足语”。
一、v.-ing形式做状语
v.-ing形式做状语时,可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随动作等,除做伴随状语外,相当
于与之相对应的状语从句。而做伴随状语时,可转换为并列句。
1. 性质
① 时间性:指现在分词的一般式还是完成式:如果现在分词(短语)表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作
同时发生,用其一般式(doing);如果先于谓语动词表示的动作发生,用其完成式(having done)。如:
He walked on the street, seeing back from time to time.
他走在街上,不时地向身后看看。(walked与 see同时发生)
Having finished his work, Henry went home.
完成了他的工作后,亨利回家了。(finished动作先于went home发生)
② 语法性:指现在分词的主动式还是被动式,主要取决于现在分词和逻辑主语之间的关系。句子的主
语就是分词的逻辑主语。如:
Having struggled for many years, he was finally admitted to a key university.
经过多年的努力,他最终被一所重点大学录取了。
Having been shown around the Bird’s Nest, we were taken to the Water Cube.
被带领参观了鸟巢之后,我们被带到了水立方。
③ 人称一致性:即分词的逻辑主语是句子的主语。如:
Eating too fast, you will damage your stomach. 吃太快会损害你的胃。
Seeing from a distance, I found the old picture looks blurred. 从远处看,我发现那张旧照片看上去模
糊不清。
【考题观察】
1. Laura was away in Paris for over a week. When she got home, there was a pile of mail for her.(辽
宁高考题)
A. waited B. to wait C. waiting D. was waiting
解析:分析句子结构可知,空格处用作后置定语修饰mail,因为mail与wait 间是主动关系,且wait动作
不是发生在将来,故不用动词不定式而用现在分词结构。【答案选C】
2. at the cafeteria before, Tina didn’t want to eat there again.(山东高考题)
A. Having eaten B. To eat C. Eat D. Eating
解析:分析句子结构可知,句子的主语Tina与eat构成主动关系,需用doing;再根据句中的关键词before
可知“eat”这一动作发生在主句谓语动词之前,故用doing的完成时形式having done。【答案选A】
Unit 2 Morals and virtues
【主题:道德与美德】
必
修
3
54
同步人教2019版高中英语 (必修一、二、三册)
3. Pressed from his parents , and that he has wasted too much time, the boy is determined to stop
playing video games.(福建高考题)
A. realizing B. realized C. to realized D. being realized
解析:分析句子结构可知,and在句中连接了两个并列的表示原因的状语,即Pressed from his par-ents和
that he has wasted too much time,它们的逻辑主语都是句子的主语 the boy,而 the boy和 realize间构成了主动
关系,故用现在分词形式做状语,表示原因。【答案选A】
二、v.ing形式做宾语补足语
1. v.-ing形式做宾语补足语时,宾语与它之间构成主动关系,即宾语是其逻辑上的主语。它主要用于以下
两类动词后做宾语补足语:
① 表示感觉和状态的动词 see,hear,feel,smell,watch,find,notice,catch(碰巧发现),observe等。如:
I felt someone patting on the shoulder. 我感到有人拍了拍我的肩膀。
I caught a stranger sliding into