第一部分 语音-山西省中职生对口升学考试英语复习教材

一、语音基础知识 (一)字母 英语语言的书写形式。 英语中有 26 个字母,经过不同的排列和组合构成千万个具有不同含义的单词。 (二)音素 语音的最小单位。 英语中有 48 个音素,其中,元音音素 20 个,辅音音素 28 个。 (三)音标 记录音素的符号。 英语国际音标共有 48 个,其中元音 20 个,辅音 28 个。 1. 20 个元音 元 音 单 元 音 短 元 音 [ I] sit, build, miss, myth [ɒ] hot, want [ʊ] look, put, woman, could [ʌ] cup, come, blood, rough [ə] ago, forget, doctor, famous [æ] bad, land, bank, stamp [e] bed, desk, head 长 元 音 [ iː] sea, see, piece, ceiling [ɔː] door, sport, warm [uː] who, blue, soup [􀱷ː] fast, class, plant, calm [ɜː] girl, work, serve, nurse 双 元 音 [aI] bike, light, try, find, height, eye [eI] cake, they, play, eight, great [ɔI] boy, oil, spoil [ Iə] dear, idea, deer, here, fierce [aʊ] house, town [əʊ] phone, cold, boat, soul, grow [ʊə] tour, poor [eə] pear, care, there, fair 1 　 　 其中容易混淆的元音 : (1) [e] [æ] bed—bad　 　 　 　 men—man　 　 　 pen—pan　 　 　 lend—land (2) [ iː] [eI] real—rail greet—great mean—main read—raid (3) [e] [aI] bet—bite red—write said—side head—hide (4) [aʊ] [ɔː] house—horse loud—lord south—sauce now—nor 2. 28 个辅音 清辅音 例词 浊辅音 例词 爆破音 [p] pen, map, pot [b] job, bike, bus [t] tell, tomorrow [d] duck, dad, daily [k] kind, make, week [􀱹] big, go, guess 破擦音 [ts] boats, sports, parts [dz] stands, floods, clouds [tr] tree, country, truck [dr] children, driver, drink [tʃ] much, chicken, rich [dʒ] joke, bridge, jump 摩擦音 [f] five, fair, safe [v] voice, love, leave [s] sit, sleep, desk [z] puzzle, zero, zoo [􀱺] thick, south, think [ð] this, breathe, with [ʃ] she, fish, shirt [ʒ] pleasure, usually, garage [h] hair, heat, who [r] write, run, rock 鼻音 [m] man, time, meet [n] been, clean, keen [􀱻] bank, uncle, English 舌边音 [l] land, world, lamp 半元音 [w] wall, what, week [j] yes, your, yet 　 　 其中容易混淆的辅音: (1) [v][w] vet—wet　 　 　 　 vest—west　 　 　 　 vine—wine　 　 　 　 very—well (2) [s][􀱺] sink—think sort—thought miss—myth mass—math (3) [z][ð] closing—clothing breeze—breathe bays—bathes (4) [n][􀱻] thin—thing sin—sing win—wing ran—rang (四)音节 以元音音素为主体构成的语音单位。 一般来说元音发音响亮,可以单独构成音节;辅音发音不响亮,不 能单独构成音节([m],[n],[􀱻],[ l]除