第四章 介词-2022版河南省中职生对口升学考试英语复习教材

一、概述 介词又叫作前置词,是用来表明两个词或短语之间关系的词。 它是一种虚词,不能单独作句子成分,需 要和它后面的词一同充当句子成分。 按照构成形式,介词可分为简单介词、合成介词、双重介词、带-ing 词尾的介词和短语介词等。 1. 简单介词,即单个单词构成的介词,如 about, above, after, against, among, around, as, at, before, behind, beside, besides, between, by, despite, during, except, for, from, in, like, unlike, near, of, off, on, over, past, since, than, through, till, to, under, until, up, with 等。 He arrived before me. 他比我先到。 The path led through the trees to the river. 这条小路穿过树林通向那条河。 2. 合成介词,即由两个词合成的介词,如 inside, outside, into, onto, nearby, throughout, within, without 等。 Come into the house. 进屋里来吧。 Both plans have been tried, but without success. 两个方案都试了试,但没有成功。 3. 双重介词,即两个简单介词重叠在一起构成的介词,如 from among, from behind, from under, outside of 等。 The two girls suddenly emerged from among the bushes. 那两个女孩儿突然从树丛中冒了出来。 The boys are playing football outside of the classroom. 男孩儿们正在教室外面踢足球。 4. 带-ing 词尾的介词,即由动词的现在分词转化而来的介词,如 concerning, considering, following, including, regarding 等。 Following the speech, there will be a few minutes for questions. 演说之后,将会有几分钟的提问时间。 I have nothing to say regarding this matter. 对于这件事我无话可说。 5. 短语介词,即一个短语行使介词的功能,如 according to, along with, because of, due to, thanks to, by means of, in honor of, in place of, in front of, on behalf of 等。 Life becomes richer because of the offer of love. 生活因为爱的给予而变得更加丰富。 The deaf often communicate by means of signs. 失聪者经常借助手语交流。 62 二、常见介词的基本用法 1. 方位介词 (1) between, among 介词 用法 例句 between 指两者之间,或两部分之间 The ball rolled between his feet. 球在他两脚之间滚来滚去。 among 指三者或三者以上之间 They strolled among the crowds. 他们在人群中信步而行。 　 　 (2) in, at, on 介词 用法 例句 in 后通常接大地方;表示“在某范围内”,强调二 者是包含关系 There are a great many islands in the Pacific. 太平洋中有许多岛。 at 后接小地方;也可用在门牌号码前 My mother isn’t at home now. 我妈妈现在不在家。 on 表示(接触、支撑)在……上 He put the book on the desk. 他把书放在书桌上。 　 　 (3) across, through, over, past 介词 用法 例句 across 侧重从表面上通过 To save time, I walked across the park. 为了节省时间我从公园穿了过去。 through 侧重从事物内部穿过 The thief got in through the window. 那个盗贼是从窗户进来的。 over 侧重翻到障碍物(如树、墙、篱笆和山脉