Unit9 被动语态-薄冰实用英语语法详解

Unit(9 被动语态 有被动语态機述 语态( Voice)是个语法范畴,是表示主语和动词之间语法和语义关系的动词形式 英语动词有主动和被动两种语态,当主语是动作的发出者时,动词用主动语态( Active Voice);当主语是动作的承受者时,动词要用被动语态( Passive voice)。只有及物动词 才有被动语态。如: Scientists have been puzzled for decades by how turtles manage to navigate across the Atlantic---but now they know 几十年来,科学家一直对海龟如何能穿越大西洋迷惑不解——但现在他们知道了。 ( scientists是 puzzle的承受者,故 puzzle用被动语态。They是know的发出者,故 know用主动语态。) 被动语态的构成 动词的被动语态是由“助动词be+动词的过去分词”构成,时态由be体现。主动 语态的句子结构与被动语态的句子结构如下所示 ①主动语态 动作的发出者+主动语态动词+动作的接受者 谓语 宾语 ②被动语态 动作的接受者+被动语态动词(be+动词过去分词)+(by+动作的发出者 主语 谓语 宾语 下面以make为例,说明各时态动词的被动语态形式: 196 B BING GRAMMAR 般现在时 am/is/are made 现在 范畴 现在进行时 am/is /are being made 现在完成时 has/have been made 一般过去时 was /were made 过去 范畴 过去进行 was /were being made 过去完成时 had been made 将来 般将来时 shall / will be made 将来完成时 shall / will have been made 范畴 过去将来时 should/ would be made 被动语态 特别注意:完成进行时态通常不用于被动语态 1. Many old houses around our school next year and a large green area wi appear. (上海市中考题 A pull down B will be pulled down C will pull down D. are pulled down 【答案选B】 next year为将来时时间状语,此句为一般将来时被动语态。用 will be done 2. -I don't suppose the police know who did it -Well, surprisingly they do. A man has been arrested and (高考江苏卷题 A has been questioned B is being questioned C is questioning D has questioned 【答案选B】根据句中提示用现在进行时,句中主语和前项中动词之间构成被动,故用现在进行时 被动形式 0-(3动语态的用法 被动语态主要用于下面几种情况: ①不知道或没必要指出动作的执行者时。如: The meeting has been put off会议已被推迟了。 Such books are written for middle school students.这种书是为中学生写的。 It is said that the police will look into the matter..据说警方将调查此事。 This question is being discussed at the meeting.这个问题正在会上讨论。 1. The APEC meetin g Shanghai last month. I hear it in different countries every year. (山东省中考题) A. is held: is held B. was held; is held 197 薄冰(··)实用英语法详解 was held has held D. is held: was hel 【答案选B】 APEC meeting亚太经济合作组织会议,是被举办的;第一句的时间状语是la ast mon 用过去时,第二句的时间状语为 every year,用一般现在时。 2. -Your job en for -Thanks (高考北京卷题) A will be kept B. will keep C had kept D. had been kep 【答案选A】根据语境应用将来时,本句主语为job应用被动语态。 3.短文改错: The day t