Unit18 引语-薄冰实用英语语法详解

Unit(18 引语 18(1引语概述 一字不改地将别人的话加以引用和复述出来,叫直接引语( Direct Speech);用自己 的话转述别人的话,叫间接引语( Indirect Speech)。两种引语都是宾语,都由动词引述 常见的引述动词有say,tell,ask, declare, reply, think,wite等 直接引语通常置于引号之内,首字母要大写。间接引语通常在句子中以宾语形式出 现。如 John said, "I am going to Paris with my wife 约翰说:“我要和妻子到巴黎去。”(引号内是直接引语) John said that he was going to Paris with his wife 约翰说,他要和他妻子去巴黎。(宾语从句是间接引语) What should I do first? The instructions that you should mix flour with water carefully first (高考浙江卷题 B. tell 【答案选D】布告、说明等上面的文字描述,通常都用say来表示“内容说的是”。本题考查谓语动 的辨析,但实际上本题也是直接引语变间接引语的例证。答语中没有直接引用说明中的原话,而是用 订接转述的方式 18 引语转换 ∏直接引语是陈述句 直接引语如果是陈述句,变为间接引语时,须由从属连词that(在口语中可省去 来引导。that从句之前用say,tell等动词。但要注意下列各种变化: ①人称的变化:将直接引语中的人称作相应的改变。如 330 B BING GRAMMAR She said," My name is Anne.”她说:“我叫安妮。”(直接引语) She said that her name was anne.她说她叫安妮。(间接引语) He said to me, You have to improve your working method 他对我说:“你必须改进工作方法。”(直接引语) He told me that I had to improve my working method 他告诉我必须改进工作方法。(间接引语) 有时为了避免含混,需要用具体名词来代替人称代词。如: He said,“ He is very clever:”不可变成 He said that he was very clever.(直接弓 语中的He不是“主句”的主语“He”,根据实际情况在间接引语中可作如下变换: He said that Peter was very clever. ②时态的变化:主句中的谓语动词是过去时态,间接引语中的时态或情态动词要相应 改变。(如下表) 直接引语 间接引语 般现在时 般过去时 现在进行时 过去进行时 现在完成时 过去完成时 般将来时 过去将来时 般过去时 过去完成时 过去完成时 过去完成时(不变 将来进行时 过去将来进行时 将来完成时 过去将来完成时 could, might, must(had to), ought to can, may, must, ought to, needn didn, t have(need)to should, would ◆一般现在时→一般过去时 He said, I like it very much.”他说:“我非常喜欢它。”(直接引语) He said that he liked it very much.他说他很喜欢它。(间接引语) don 't know yesterday (北京燕山区中考题 A. what did they do B. what they did C. they did what D. what do they 【答案选B】这句话的时间状语是 yesterday,表示过去的动作,因此D不符合时态结构;这句是 hat引导的宾语从句,宾语从句的语序应该为陈述句语序 331 薄冰(··)实用英语法详解 2.-Sorry to have interrupted you. Please go on Where was 1? you didnt like your father's jol (高考北京卷题 A. had said B. said C. were saying D. had been saying 【答案选C】此题考查时态,但也是考查转述别人的话,即间接引语。句意“刚才你在说你不喜 你爸爸的工作 ◆但直接引语如果是客观真理或是陈述一种反复岀现或习惯性动作,改为间接引语 时,其一般现在时不变。如 The teacher said, The world is made up of matter 老师说:“世界是由物质组