内容正文:
Section Ⅲ Discovering Useful Structures
[对应学生用书P27]
[观察]
1.(教材P14)The first week was a little confusing.
2.(教材P14)I know that Chinese is a very difficult language.
3.(教材P14)First, I had to think very carefully about which courses I wanted to take.
4.(教材P14)I tried to join the school football team, but the coach told me that I didn't play well enough.
[归纳]
观察上面句子, 归纳出加黑短语的类型和其在句中所作成分:
1.名词短语作主语__形容词短语作表语
2.名词短语作表语
3.副词短语作状语
4.名词短语作宾语__名词短语作主语__副词短语作状语
[对应学生用书P27]
指以一个名词为中心词构成的短语,在句中的功能相当于名词。
She ordered herself a new dress.
她给自己订购了一条新裙子。
The best boy here is Tom.
这里最棒的男孩是Tom。
1.结构:限定词+形容词/形容词短语/描述性名词+名词(+介词短语/非谓语动词/定语从句)。
例如:
①限定词+形容词+中心名词:a rich American businessman
②限定词+形容词+中心名词+介词短语:the young beautiful girl in red jacket
③限定词+形容词+中心名词+分词短语:the secret plan relating to the project(relating是形容词化的现在分词, 因此这里的relating to the project也可理解为形容词短语)
④形容词+中心名词+动词不定式:enough paper to write on
⑤限定词+中心名词+定语从句:the man who spoke at the meeting just now
2.功能
在句中当作名词用,一般用作主语、宾语、表语或宾语补足语。
There are too many mistakes in this essay.(主语)
这篇文章错误太多。
He is my old friend.(表语)
他是我的老朋友。
He put a small quantity of sugar in the milk.(宾语)
他在牛奶中放了少量的糖。
They appointed me their chairman.(宾语补足语)
他们任命我当主席。
二、形容词短语(Adjective Phrase)
指以一个形容词为中心构成的短语,在句中的功能相当于形容词。
1.结构
①两个或多个形容词可以由and, but等并列连词连接,构成形容词短语。
Your room is large and beautiful.
你的房间大且美丽。
He is young but clever.
他虽年轻但很聪明。
②very等程度副词作修饰语,可与形容词构成形容词短语。
It is very hot today.
今天很热。
③介词及其宾语可用在形容词后作修饰语,可与形容词一起构成形容词短语。
I am sure of success.
我确信会成功的。
④不定式在形容词后作修饰语,与形容词一起构成形容词短语。
He is sure to come.
他一定会来的。
⑤形容词与more, less, the most, the least构成的比较级或最高级也是形容词短语。
This is the most beautiful bird I have ever seen.
这是我所见过的最漂亮的鸟。
2.功能
在句中当作形容词用,可以修饰名词或代词,一般用作定语、表语或者宾语补足语。
You have a small but beautiful room.(定语)
你有一个漂亮的小房间。
I think your answer correct and proper.(宾语补足语)
我认为你的答案是正确的并且是恰当的。
The baby is asleep.(表语)
这个宝宝睡着了。
三、副词短语(Adverb Phrase)
指以一个副词为中心构成的短语, 在句中的功能相当于副词。
1.结构:(副词+)副词
He hardly ever passes his exams.
他几乎从来没有通过考试。
He practised again and