高考英语易混词辨析归纳一(动词)-2022届人教版英语高三备考

常见动词辨析: 1.accept 与 receive accept 接受;receive接到,收到。如: I received an invitation yesterday, but I didn’t accept it. 2.borrow 与lend borrow借人;lend把···借给。如: Can I borrow your pen for a moment? Can you lend me your bike? 3.bring,take,fetch bring 带来;take拿走;fetch去取,请来。如: Bring me some water, please. She went out of the room, taking the flowers with her. Run and fetch the doctor! 4.damage,destroy,harm,ruin 均可表“破坏”,“损坏”。 damage一般指部分性的破坏,含可修复使用。 destroy 指十分彻底的毁坏,破坏。 harm多指带来悲痛,产生恶果的伤害,可以是肉体的也可以是精神的。 ruin为正式用词,强调由于自然力或时间的作用而逐渐损坏,用于比喻时也指彻底毁坏名声、期望等。如: The heavy rain damaged many houses. The whole city was destroyed in the earthquake. Doctors say smoking harms our health. I received an invitation yesterday, but I didn't accept it. She poured water all over my painting and ruined it. 另外,ruin的复数形式ruins为名词,表“废墟”,be in mins成为废墟。 5.discover,invent,create discover 发现:invent 发明;create 创造,创作,创建。如: Recently they have discovered a comet. Edison invented the electric light. God created the world. 6.say,speak,talk,tell say着重所说的话,可用作及物动词,带宾语从句; speak着重开口发声,不着重所说的内容,一般作不及物动词,用作及物动词时,宾语只能是某种语言等少数几个名词,不能接that从句: talk 表示通过谈话方式交换意见、思想、消息等,一般只作不及物动词; tell表示告诉,有时兼含“嘱咐”,“命令”等意,如:tellmthe truth 说实话,tell a lie 说谎,tell a story 讲故事等为固定搭 配。如: It is said that there has been a big flood. The baby is learning to speak. I hate the man who enjoys talking big. Tell him to wait for us at the gate. 7.accomplish,complete,finish,achieve,attain accomplish 表完成,强调完成的结果而不是过程; complete表示积极的完成,更具体地指建筑、工程等的完成; finish最常用,后接动词的-ing形式,表示在一个活动的连续过程中完成了最后的一步或阶段; achieve完成,实现,强调通过努力而达到目的; attain达到,实现,常用于一般人的能力不易达到的目的。如: Because of his hard work, things are accomplished. Has he completed his novel yet? I'II finish the job alone. You will achieve success if you work hard. Greater efforts are needed before we can attain our goals. 8.accuse 与 charge accuse 指责,指控,常与of搭配;charge 常与with搭配。如: His boss accused him of carelessness. The police charged the driver with reckless driving. 9.achieve,acquire,require,inquire achieve(成功地)完成,实现;acqu