Unit 3 The world of colours and light 知识点学案（有答案）-2020-2021学年高二下学期英语牛津译林版选修八

Module 8 Unit 3 The world of colours and light

一、重点单词与短语：

1. abstract adj. 抽象的；抽象派的；理论上的；难解的，深奥的 (反：concrete)

n. 摘要，概要；抽象，抽象物；抽象派艺术作品 [c/u]

vt. 提取，抽取；转移（注意等）；概括，摘录

abstract noun 抽象名词    abstract art 抽象艺术

①in the abstract 抽象地；理论上；就大体而言

▲abstraction n. 抽象，抽象概念

▲abstractly adv. 抽象地

典题赏析：

1) I am talking about it _________（从理论上）now.

2) He didn’t _______ his research for improving his understanding of these puzzles.

A. abandon       B. advocate       C. abstract       D. adore

3) We’ve got a general idea of what we want, but nothing _______ at the moment.

A. concrete       B. ordinary       C. abstract       D. standard

2. consensus n. 共识，一致同意 [c/u]

①a consensus of opinion 意见的一致

②reach a consensus on sth. 在某事上取得一致意见

③build a consensus with sb. 和某人达成一致意见

典题赏析：

1) The government is also undertaking important educational work based on the _______ of the members that the best form of conservation is the prevention of damage.

A. consequence      B. scene          C. scenery        D. consensus

2) There seems to be a _______ that the plan should be given up.

A. prevention        B. measure       C. consensus       D. recognition

3) The scientists must have made many trials before reaching a _______.

  A. consensus        B. connection     C. contribution      D. conclusion

3. calculate vt. & vi. 计算；估计，推测；打算，有……企图

①calculate on/upon 指望；依靠，依赖

②calculate on/upon sb doing sth 料到某人会做某事

③be calculated to do sth. 打算做某事；故意做某事

④It is calculated that… 据估算……

▲calculation n. 计算 [c]；计算的结果 [u]

▲calculator n. 计算者；计算机 [c]

▲calculating adj. 计算用的；精明的，有心计的   calculating machine 计算机

典题赏析：

1) The loss has not yet been ____ accurately, but it is believed to be well beyond a hundred million dollars.

A. calculated         B. considered         C. completed         D. controlled

2) We’re calculating _______ an early start.

A. at             B. on             C. for            D. in

4. shadow n. 阴影，影子；阴暗处 [c/u]

①cast/throw a shadow on 给……投下阴影

②catch at shadows 捕风捉影

③have shadows under the eyes 眼圈发黑

④in shadow 在阴暗处

⑤under the shadow of 在……的庇护下，因……的影响

▲shadowy adj. 有影的；多荫的；朦胧的

注：shade n. 荫，阴凉处 [u]；（图画、照相等的）阴影部分 [u]

典题赏析：

1) We took a nap in the _______ of a big tree.

A. show         B. shadow　　     C. shallow         D. shade

2) It is ridiculous of you to be afraid of your own ___ which follows everywhere you go when there is light.

  A. shade         B. shadow         C. figure          D. sculpture

3) The umbrella was not invented as a protection against rain. It was used as a ______ against the sun.

A. block         B. shadow         C. cushion         D. shade

4) The sunlight is white and blinding, ______hard-edged shadows on the ground. 【全国卷】

A. throwing   B. being thrown   C. to throw    D. to be thrown

5. commit vt. 犯（错误、罪行），干（坏事、傻事）；

把……交付给/押给……；承诺，保证

①commit an error/a crime 犯错误/犯罪

②commit suicide自杀

③commit…to… 把……投入到/交付给/押给……；使……承担……的义务，使……作出……的保证

▲committed adj. 尽心尽力的；坚信的；坚定的

④be committed to 坚信……；忠诚于……

▲commitment n. 承诺，保证 [c]；责任，义务 [c]；投入，奉献 [u]

⑤make a commitment to (doing) sth. 承诺/保证（干）某事

典题赏析：

1) He has _______ himself to supporting the abandoned baby.

A. promised       B. committed         C. recognized       D. admitted

2) By signing the lease（租约）we made a _______ to paying a rent of $150 a week.

A. comment       B. commitment        C. conception       D. consensus

3) Giving up my job to go back to full-time education was a big _______, but now I know it was the best decision I ever made. 【湖北卷】

A. project         B. commitment        C. competition      D. ambition

6. being n. 身心 [u]；生存，存在 [u]；生物，存在物 [c]

①the whole being 整个身心，全部身心

②a human being 人

③come into being 形成，产生，成立

④bring into being 使形成，使产生

⑤for the time being 眼下，暂时

典题赏析：

1) All sorts of spare-time schools _______ in our city during the past few years.

  A. have come into being   B. came into being   C. come into being      D. were set up

2) Can you share a book with him _______？We’ll let you have a new one next Monday.

  A. at a time             B. all the time       C. for the time being     D. at one time

7. reward n. 奖赏，奖金 [c]；报酬，报答 [c/u]

          vt. 奖赏，酬劳，报答

①a reward of＄500 五百美元的悬赏

②in reward for 作为……的奖赏

③a reward for 对……的奖赏

④reward sb. for (doing) sth. 因（干）某事而奖赏某人

⑤reward sb. with sth. 用……奖励/报答某人

典题赏析：

1) What a pity! He got nothing in _______ for his hard work.

A. award      B. prize         C. reward       D. result

2) The foreign guests gave us some jewels like precious stones, gold rings and so on as gifts, but we didn’t know what to give them _______.

　A. in turn     B. in return      C. in reward      D. in honor

3) You deserve a day off as a(n) _______ for working so hard.

A. reward     B. award        C. return         D. holiday

8. upwards of 在……以上，大于，超过 (= over/more than)

典题赏析：

1) He found it difficult to support a family, for ______＄40 was spent on food every day.

A. instead of        B. upwards of        C. above all        D. as well

9. be off to 动身去……

典题赏析：

1) All his hard work _______; he became a success as expected.

A. turned out       B. picked out       C. paid off       D. was off

2) They will be _______ to Beijing tomorrow.

A. leaving         B. leave            C. of           D. off

10. passer-by 过路者，行人

复合名词复数的构成：

1) 一般将主体名词变为复数：

passer-by — passers-by 过路人

looker-on — lookers-on 旁观者

father-in-law — fathers-in-law 岳父

comrade-in-arms — comrades-in-arms 战友

  place of interest — places of interest 名胜

  vice-president — vice-presidents 副总统

  dining-room — dining-rooms 餐厅