专题4.非谓语动词之动词不定式-2021年初升高英语无忧衔接（牛津译林版2020）

动词不定式 一. 动词不定式的形式 主动 被动 一般式 (not)to do (not)to be done 进行式 (not)to be doing (not)to be being done 完成式 (not)to have done (not)to have been done 二.不定式所作的成分 1. 作主语 eg: To go abroad is my dream. To be taken abroad is my dream. 不定式短语作主语时, 往往放在谓语之后, 用it作形式主语. 句型： It is/was +adj.+ of sb. to do sth. (用of 的adj: rude, cruel, clever, stupid, foolish等) for sb. (用for的adj: possible, important, necessary, hard等) It is/was + n. + (for sb.) to do sth. eg: It’s stupid of you to do such a thing. It’s impossible for me to finish the work today. It’s a rule for the students to clean the classroom every day. 2.作宾语 （1)只能接不定式做宾语的动词：hope, wish, expect, desire, pretend, manage, plan, intend, attempt, decide, happen, seem, learn, offer, promise, refuse, seek, would like to, would love to等 eg: The book seemed to have been translated into English. I happened to have witnessed the accident. I hope to be praised by my headteacher one day. （2)当主句谓动是think, find, believe, make…用不定式做宾语时,又带宾补时, 常把不定式放在宾补后, 用it作形式宾语： sb. think/ believe/ find/make + it + n./ adj. to do sth. eg: I find it interesting to work with him. He made it clear to go there with her the next day. 注意: 动词不定式在介词but, except, besides后面时, 如果这些介词之前有行为动词do的各种形式, 那么, 这些介词后的不定式不带to, 否则要带to. 例如: She could do nothing but cry. I have no choice but to go. = I don’t have any choice but to go. 3. 作宾语补足语 1). to do作宾补的词：advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, encourage, expect, force, get, like, order, permit, persuade, prefer, require, tell, want, warn, wish等。 e.g: I wish you to stay here with me. 2). 在see, hear, watch, feel, notice, observe, make, let, have, listen to, look at等感官动词和使役动词后的补足语中, 不定式不带to. 但是这些句子如果变成被动结构, 就必须带to. eg: I often hear him sing the song. He is often heard to sing the song. He made the boy play with him every day. The boy was made to play with him every day. We are listening to him sing a song in class. He is being listened to to sing a song in class.