专题02 动词的时态和语态及情态动词、虚拟语气-2021年高考真题和模拟题英语分项汇编

专题02 动词的时态和语态及情态动词、虚拟语气 一、2021年高考真题 1. （2021年高考全国甲卷语法填空）The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China's long history. It ___41___ (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复). ……. We ___46___ (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. 【答案】41.was built 46.hired 【解析】46.考查被动语态。句意：它最初是为了保护唐代的城市而建造的，现在已经完全修复了。分析句子可知，空格处为谓语，动词build和主语之间是被动关系，应用被动语态（be done），根据句意和时间状语the Tang dynasty可知，用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式，主语it为第三人称单数，主谓一致，故填was built。 47. 考查时态。句意：我们从南门的租赁处租了自行车。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词，根据上下文可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式。故填hired。 2. （2021年高考全国甲卷短文改错） They kept very much to themselves. In my opinion, whenever in trouble, we should seek help from those we trust most. 考查时态。句意：他们很自闭。结合前文可知，文章的时态用一般现在时。所以此处的kept改为keep。故kept改为keep。 3. （2021年高考全国乙卷短文改错）That’s our view on housework. And hopes this can inspire more thinking on the topic! 【答案】 hopes→hope 【解析】考查祈使句。句意：希望这能激发更多关于这个话题的思考！分析句子结构可知，此处为祈使句，所以动词hope需要用动词原形。故将hopes改为hope。 3. （2021年新高考全国1卷语法填空）What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can’t help wondering how hard it ____61____ (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place. 【答案】 was 【解析】考查一般过去时。句意：你不禁会想，对当时的人们来说，把这些石头都安置好有多难。分析句子可知，“how hard it 61 (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place”作wonder的宾语，it是从句的形式主语，不定式为真正主语，谓语动词用单数形式，安置台阶的石头为陈述过去的事情，应用一般过去时。 4. （2021年浙江卷语法填空）It doesn't impress like George Washington's plantation on the Potomac, but Lincoln's home in downtown Springfield, Illinois, ___36___ （prove）irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public. ……. When the house was built, it was much smaller than it is today. Mary's niece wrote, "The little home ___40___ （paint）white. 【答案】 36. has proved/has proven 40. was painted 【解析】36. 考查动词。句意：它不像乔治华盛顿在波托马克河畔的种植园那样给人留下深刻印象，但林肯在伊利诺伊州斯普林菲尔德市中心的家，自从向公众开放以来，就被证明对游客来说是不可抗拒的。分析句子成分可知，设空处作谓语动词，Lincoln’s home in downtown Springfield Illinois作主语；结合句意及设空处后的时间状语从句since it opene