内容正文:
第6讲 八上新知专题 形容词、副词的比较等级
【暑假辅导班】2021年新八年级英语暑假精品课程(牛津译林版)
第一部分 语法
一、形容词/副词的比较级和最高级的构成规则
(1)单音节词和少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节单词,比较级在后面加-er,最高级在后面加-est。
① 单音节单词
small→smaller→smallest short→shorter→shortest
tall→taller→tallest great→greater→greatest
② 少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节单词
clever→cleverer→cleverest narrow→narrower→narrowest
(2)以不发音e结尾的单音节单词,比较级在原形后加-r,最高级在原级后加-st。
large→larger→largest nice→nicer→nicest able→abler→ablest
(3)以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节(即:辅音+元音+辅音)单词中,先双写末尾的辅音字母,比较级加-er,最高级加-est。
big→bigger→biggest hot→hotter→hottest fat→fatter→fattest
(4)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词, 把y改为i,比较级加-er,最高级加-est。
easy→easier→easiest heavy→heavier→heaviest
busy→busier→busiest happy→happier→happiest
(5)其他双音节词和多音节词,比较级在前面加more,最高级在前面加most。
beautiful→more beautiful→most beautiful
different→more different→most different
easily→more easily→most easily
(6)有少数形容词、副词的比较级和最高级是不规则的,必须熟记。
good→better→best well→better→best
bad→worse→worst ill→worse→worst
old→older/elder→oldest/eldest
many/much→more→most little→less→least
far →further/farther→ furthest/farthest
记住一个口诀:两好,两坏和两多;一小,一远和一老
二、形容词副词原级比较
1.表示比较双方程度相同时,常用“as + 形容词/ 副词原级 + as ” 结构,意为“.....和.....一样”
Tom is as tall as Jack. 汤姆和杰克一样高。
Fuzhou is as beautiful as Hangzhou. 福州和杭州一样美丽。
He runs as fast as I. 他和我一样跑得快。
Tom studies as hard as Jim. 汤姆和吉姆学习一样努力。
You write as carefully as I. 你和我写得一样认真。
2.表示比较双方程度不同时:“not as /so+ 形容词/副词原级 + as ”结构, 意为“....与...不一样”或 “......不如......”
Tom is not as /so tall as Jack. 汤姆不如杰克高(汤姆和杰克不一样高)。
The weather here is not as/so cool as that in Harbin.这的天气不如哈尔滨的天气凉快。
He doesn't run as/so fast as I. 他跑得不如我快。
Tom doesn't study as/so hard as Jim. 汤姆学习不如吉姆努力。
特别注意:
①为避免双方比较名词的重复,通常用that(those),one(ones)代替前面出现的名词,that指代物,one既可指代人也可指代物,that可指代可数名词单数和不可数名词,而one只能指代可数名词。
The water in this river is clean than that in that river.
这条河的水与那条河的水一样干净。
The weather in Beijing is not so good as that in Hainan.
北京的天气没有海南的天气好。
The roads here were not so clean as those in our hometown.
这里的路没有我们家乡的路干净。
This house