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湖北世纪华章文化传播有限公司
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Module 2 Experiences
Unit 3 Language in use
§1 模块语法小专题
英 语
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01 语法精讲
现在完成时(一)
1.现在完成时的定义
(1)表示发生在过去并对现在造成了影响或留有结果的动作,着重强调对现在造成的影响和结果。如:
I have seen the movie.It is very interesting.(have seen表示“已看过”,该动作是以前发生过的,对现在造成的影响是“我”对这部电影有所了解。)
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(2)表示在过去已开始,并持续到现在的某一动作或状态。这时,句中用到的动词是延续性动词。如:
Mrs Feng has taught English in our school since September,2001.(has taught表示“教”这一动作从2001年9月份一直延续到现在,并表明Mrs Feng现在还在“我们”学校教英语。)
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2.现在完成时的谓语结构
由“have/has+动词的过去分词”构成。have/has是助动词,has的主语为第三人称单数形式。现在完成时的肯定句变为一般疑问句时,将助动词have/has提到句首;变为否定句时,在have/has后面加上not。特殊疑问句句式:特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+动词的过去分词+其他?。如:
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Those foreigners have visited the Green Lake before.那些外国人以前游览过翠湖。
→Have those foreigners visited the Green Lake before?那些外国人以前游览过翠湖吗?
→Those foreigners have not visited the Green Lake before.那些外国人以前没有游览过翠湖。
→Where have those foreigners visited before?那些外国人以前游览过哪里?
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3.现在完成时的判断
(1)一般情况下,句子中无其他时间状语,用到already,yet,just,ever,since,so far,never等副词时,常用现在完成时。如:
Mr Green and his daughter have already left their hometown.格林先生和他的女儿已经离开了他们的家乡。
Tom has never come to our school before.汤姆以前从未来过我们学校。
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(2)一般情况下,句子中无其他时间状语,用到once,twice等单纯表示次数(包括how many times)的状语时,常用现在完成时。如:
I have seen your English teacher twice.我见过你的英语老师两次。
How many times has the girl eaten American fried chicken?这个女孩吃过几次美式炸鸡?
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visiting visited visited
trying tried tried
stopping stopped stopped
seeing saw seen
being was/were been
02 语法精炼
Ⅰ.写出下列动词的现在分词、过去式和过去分词。
1.visit
2.try
3.stop
4.see
5.be
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have seen
has finished
have heard
haven't seen
Ⅱ.用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空。
6.We