内容正文:
专题09 方位介词
第一部分 语法
1.介词概念
是种虚词,用来表示句子中词与词之间的关系。介词不能单独使用,只有再加上宾语构成介词短语才能在句子里充当成分。介词短语可以在句中作状语、定语、表语、补语和插入语等成分。如:
Some birds are singing in the tree.几只鸟在树上唱歌。(作状语)
The girl in a red hat is Lucy.戴着红帽子的那个女孩叫露西。(作定语)
It's near my desk.它在我的桌子旁边。( 作表语)
对作定语的介词短语提问时,要用疑问词which,但对作表语的地点介词短语提问时,应用where.如
The girl under the tree is Jane.树下那个女孩是简。Which girl is Jane?哪一个女孩是简?
My bag is behind the chair.我的书包在椅子后面。Where is your bag?你的书包在哪儿?
2.常用介词的用法。
on
表示时间,后跟日期、星期几、具体时间或含有日期和星期几的时间状语,意为“在......”.
on Monday(在星期一), on the morning of October 1(在10月1日的早上),on that day(在那天),on a cold morning( 在一个寒冷的早上)
表示位置,“在......上.”.There are some pictures on the wall.墙上有些图画。
表示处境,“从事于....”He is working on maths problems.他在研究数学问题。
用在短语中:on foot(步行) ,on the right( 在右边),on holiday(度假)等。
beside在.....旁边There's a chair beside the desk.课桌旁边有张椅子。
around环绕,在......周围I have a lot of friends around me.我周围有许多朋友。
across越过.....,过.....Go across the bridge.走过那座桥。
across from在......对面,在.....对过
The bookstore is across from the school.那个书店在学校的对面。
The school is across from my house.学校在我家的对面。
about
大约It's about two o'clock now.现在大约两点。
关于,对于learn about(学习.... ) know about( 知道.... ..) talk about( 谈论......) care about(关心.....).等。
与what, how连用,用来询问或提建议,“..怎.么样?”How about going out for a walk?出去走走怎么样?
What about some tea?喝点茶怎么样?
along沿着,顺着We often walk along the river.我们经常沿着河边走。
behind在.....后面There is a big tree behind my house.我家房后面有一棵大树。
between ... and ...在........之间
There is a middle school between the subway station and a post office.在地铁站和邮局之间有一所中学。
by
乘,坐by bus/bike/ear/ air/ subway/boa/ship等。They seldom go to school by subway.他们很少乘坐地铁上学。
通过,靠......借助.....They honor their parents by giving cards and gifts.他们通过送卡片和礼物以表示对父母的尊敬。
for
表示原因,“由于......”Thank you for your hard work.谢谢你努力工作。
表示目的,“为了......”I come here for my parents.我是为了我的父母亲来这儿的。
表示用途,“作为......”What do you have for lunch?午餐你吃什么?
near在......附近The hospital is near the school.不远的学校附近有一-家医院。
under在.....下面There is a ball under the table.桌子下有个球。
from
自从,来自He is