内容正文:
Section Ⅲ Using language & Writing
现在分词作状语
一、现在分词作状语的用法
现在分词(短语)在句中作状语来修饰谓语动词或整个句子,表示动作发生的时间、原因、条件、结果、方式、让步或伴随状况。
1.作时间状语(相当于一个时间状语从句)。
Walking in the park,she saw an old friend.
=When/While (she was) walking in the park,she saw an old friend.
当她在公园里散步时,她看到了她的一个老朋友。
[名师点津] 当表示正在进行的动作时,可直接在分词前面加上when/while,此时也可理解为状语从句的省略。
2.作原因状语(一般可转换成由as或because引导的原因状语从句)
Being ill,he couldn’t go to school.
=As he was ill,he couldn’t go to school.
因为生病了,他无法去上学。
3.作条件状语(一般放在句首,其前可以加if,unless等连词)
Working hard,you’ll make great progress.
=If you work hard,you’ll make great progress.
如果你努力工作,你将取得很大进步。
4.作结果状语
现在分词作结果状语时,通常放在句末,中间用逗号隔开,表示一种顺其自然、意料之中的结果。
The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment,allowing more patients to be treated.
这家医院最近得到一批新的医疗设备,这使更多的病人能得到治疗。
[名师点津] 现在分词作结果状语,是随着谓语动词的发生而产生的自然结果,其逻辑主语往往是前面整个句子所描述的情况,前面有时候可以加thus。而不定式作结果状语时常表示出乎意料的结果,有时前面可以加only。试比较:
He was caught in the rain,thus making himself catch a cold.
被雨淋后他感冒了。
The film star intended to leave quickly,only to be surrounded by his fans.
这位影星想迅速离开,却被他的粉丝包围了。
5.作让步、方式和伴随状语
现在分词作让步、方式和伴随状语时,说明动作发生的背景和情况。作伴随状语时,表示分词的动作和主句的动作同时发生,此时它可转换成并列句。
Mary sat by the window of the classroom,reading a book.
=Mary sat by the window of the classroom and was reading a book.
玛丽坐在教室的窗边读一本书。
[名师点津] 为强调动词ing形式表达的意义,可在其前加上各种连词。例如,加上when,while,强调与谓语动词同时发生;加上before,after,强调动作先后发生;加上thus,强调结果;加上(al)though,强调让步等。
Though knowing all this,they made me pay for the damage.
尽管他们了解这一切,但还是让我赔偿损失。
[即学活用]
(1)分析下列各句中现在分词作状语的类型
①Hearing the news,they immediately set off for the station.时间状语
②Not knowing his address,I can’t write to him.原因状语
③The child slipped and fell,hitting his head against the door.结果状语
④Living miles away,he attended the lecture.让步状语
⑤He lay in bed,reading a novel.伴随状语
⑥Using a stick,the painter drew a picture on the ground in ten minutes.方式状语
⑦Keeping on your feet,you will make yourself more tired.条件状语
(2)完成句子
①There is no greater pleasure than lying on my back in the middle of the grassland,staring_at_the_night