Unit 12 Grammar-备战2021年中考英语一轮复习九年级全一册知识梳理(人教版)

Unit 12 Life is full of the unexpected. Grammar Focus 过去完成时 1. 过去完成时的意义 过去完成时表示到过去某时为止或在过去某时或某一动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，即表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”。 2. 过去完成时的构成 过去完成时由“助动词had(用于各种人称和数)十过去分词”构成。 其各种句式如下： 句式 构成 示例 肯定句 主语＋had+过去分词... I had learnt over 1,000 English words by the end of last year. 到去年年底，我已经学了1000多个英语单词。 否定句 主语＋had+not+过去分词... When I came back home, he hadn't gotten home yet. 我回到家的时候他还没有到家。 一般疑问句 Had+主语＋过去分词...？ －Had she arrived at the village before 8 o'clock last night? 昨晚8点之前她到达这个村庄了吗？ Yes,主语＋had. －Yes,she had.,she hadn't. No,主语＋hadn't. 是的，她到了。／不，她没到。 特殊疑问句 疑问词＋had+主语＋过去分词...？ －How long had he studied French by the age of 16?到十六岁时，他已经学了多长时间的法语了？ －For three years.三年了。 3. 过去完成时的用法 用法 示例 过去完成时表示过去某一时间之前已经发生 或完成了的动作。常用的时间状语有by...、 by the time....by the end of...等 They had collected over 1,000 stamps by the end of last month. 到上个月底，他们已收集了1000多张邮票。 过去完成时用在said、told、knew、heard、 realized等后的宾语从句中 She said (that) she had never been to Paris. 她说她从没有去过巴黎。 过去完成时出现在含when、after、before等 引导的状语从句的复合句中 Before you arrived, I had already arrived. 你到达之前我已经到了。 ①(新疆乌鲁木齐中考) －You didn't watch the movie? －Yes,but by the time I _________ to the cinema, the movie for several minutes. A. got; has begun B. got; had been on C. got; had begun D. got; has been on 点拨：可用语法判断法解答本题。句意：－你没看那部电影？－不，我看了。但是当我 到达电影院时，电影已经放映好几分钟了。“我”到达电影院发生在过去，电影开始为过去的过去，由此可判断前一空的时态应用一般过去时，后一空的时态应用过去完成时。begin为非延续性动词，不能和表示一段时间的时间状语连用，此处应该用be on.故选B. ②(上海中考)By the end of last week, she _________ in the west of China for two months helping the homeless children. A. will stay B. has stayed C. would stay D. had stayed 点拨：可用语法判断法解答本题。句意：到上个周末，她待在中国西部帮助那些无家可归的孩子已经两个月了。“by the end of+过去的时间”是过去完成时常用的时间状语，故该句应用过去完成时。故选D. 【单项选择】 1. The plane _________ when we got to the airport. A. had taken off B. was taken off C. will take off D. is taking off 2. The meeting ___________ by the time I got there yesterday. A. was on B. has been on C. had begun D. has begun 3. I wondered if you ___________ there already. A. arrive B