内容正文:
第十二讲:状语从句
1、 【考点解读】
状语从句是每年中考单选部分必考的题目之一。考查的重点是考生容易混淆比较相近的连词在逻辑行文和语篇结构中的使用。纵观近几年上海的小升初试题,从中可以看出命题者把着眼点放在了对条件状语、让步状语、时间状语从句的考查,时而涉及目的状语从句、结果状语从句和原因状语从句。所以我们这一讲会重点把小升初常考的几个状语从句讲解。
2、 【知识讲解】
知识点1——状语从句
(1) 定义:用来修饰主句中的动词、副词和形容词的从句叫状语从句。
根据其含义状语从句可分为时间状语从句,地点状语从句,条件状语从句, 原因状语从句,结果状语从句,比较状语从句,目的状语从句,让步状语从句。
(2) 状语从句,+主句。
状语从句的位置: 主句+状语从句。
主句的主语,+状语从句,+主句的谓语以及其他成分。
一、状语从句的分类
1. 时间状语从句:在一个句子中作时间状语的句子。
引导词:when(当…时候); while(当…时候); as(当…时候); after(在…以后); before(在…以前);
as soon as(一…就…); since(自从…到现在); till / not …until(直到…才)
1)时间状语从句常遵循“主将从现”原则,用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。例如:
(1) I will ring you up as soon as I get to New York.
As soon as I get to New York I will ring you up
(2) I will tell him everything when he comes back.
When he comes back,I will tell him everything
(3) He won’t believe it until he sees it with his own eyes.
until he sees it with his own eyes,He won’t believe it[来源:学科网ZXXK]
2) 主句+while+从句(主句和从句使用相同时态,有对比的含义,翻译为“而”)
主句 (用过去进行时,谓语动词是延续性动词) + when/as/while +从句(用一般过去时,谓语动词是瞬间动词)
例如:(1) My mother was cooking while my father was watching TV.
(2) The students were reading when the teacher came in.
3) 在带有till或until引导的时间状语从句的复合句里,如果主句用肯定式,其含义是“一直到……时”,谓语动词只能用延续性动词。如果主句用否定式,其含义是“直到……才……”, “在……以前不……”, 谓语动词可用瞬间动词。例如:
(1) Let’s wait till the rain stops. (wait是延续性动词,所以用肯定句)
(2) We won’t start until Bob comes. (start是非延续性动词,故要用not … until,为否定句)
2. 原因状语从句:在一个句子中表示原因的句子, 译作“因为”。
连接词:由连词because(从句位置灵活), since, as(从句一般置于句首)引导
(1) I didn’t go to school yesterday because I was ill.=(I was ill yesterday, so I didn’t go to school.)
(2) As /Since it is raining now,we had better stay at home.
3. 条件状语从句
连接词:if如果, unless (=if not) 除非。(主将从现原则)
举例:If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go hiking.
注意:1)条件状语从句,也遵循“主将从现”的原则。例如:
(1) I will help you with your English if I am free tomorrow.
(2) He won’t be late unless he is ill.
(3) We will have a picnic if it doesn’t rain tomorrow.
2)“祈使句 + and (or)+ 陈述句”=带有条件状语从句的复合句。例如:
(1)