重难点03 阅读理解之说明文 2021年中考英语【热点·重点·难点】专练（浙江专用）

重难点03 阅读理解之说明文 【命题趋势】 中考阅读理解题主要考查学生的语篇阅读能力、分析和判断能力。要求学生能较快地通过阅读理解短文大意，获取其中的主要信息，能做出正确判断，然后根据试题的要求从A, B, C, D四个选项中选出最佳答案或做出正误判断。文章的难易程度和初三课文基本相同，要求阅读速度为每分钟40-50个词。主要涉及到记叙文，说明文，应用文等。 【满分技巧】 1.主旨题 解题技巧为：找主题句。应先通读全文，理解大意，充分理解主题句的意义。主题句通常出现在短文第一句或最后一句。 2. 细节题 解题技巧为：快速捕捉信息，尤其是一些事例、数字等，划出相关句子，进行对照。 3. 推断题 解题技巧为：寻找线索，悟出字里行间的意思。 4.猜测词义题 解题技巧为：通过阅读上下文，断定该词的真正含义。 【热点话题】 说明文热衷话题有：旅游、环保、广告类等。 A （2020· 衢州衢江区中考一模） You pick up your phone and stare at it. The screen unlocks at once. But it won't do that for anyone else. The phone knows who you are. It recognizes（识别）the shape of your face. Welcome to the world of the latest iPhone. It comes with a feature called Face ID． Your face isn't the only characteristic you can use as a password. Many smartphones already accept fingerprint recognition. Other safely systems check the shape of the ear, patterns in the eye, or the way a person walks. All of these characteristics, called biometrics（生物识别技术）, are unusual enough to identify someone. People like using biometrics for safely because they're easy. You can't misplace or forget your own face. They're also usually very safe. It's hard to copy another person's body parts. But it's not impossible! And the face may be one of the easiest body parts to copy. Most teens post plenty of photos online. These could probably help someone hack into（入侵）a safety system. In 2016, researchers at the University of North Carolina collected available Facebook photos. They used them to build 3D models of faces. Then they showed these fake faces to five different facial recognition systems. Four out of five let the cheater（骗子）in. （Face ID wasn't part of the test.） Once a biometric password has been stolen, you can't easily change it. You can't get a new face! There's one more thing of Face ID that worries experts. It would be easy for someone else to hold your phone in front of your face to unlock it. For example, an angry sister or brother might do this to hack into your acc