重难点09 阅读理解之说明文-2021年中考英语【热点·重点·难点】专练（江苏专用）

重难点09 阅读理解之说明文 【命题趋势】 中考阅读理解题主要考查学生的语篇阅读能力、分析和判断能力。要求学生能较快地通过阅读理解短文大意，获取其中的主要信息，能做出正确判断，然后根据试题的要求从A, B, C, D四个选项中选出最佳答案或做出正误判断。文章的难易程度和初三课文基本相同，要求阅读速度为每分钟40-50个词。主要涉及到记叙文，说明文，应用文等。 【满分技巧】 1.主旨题 解题技巧为：找主题句。应先通读全文，理解大意，充分理解主题句的意义。主题句通常出现在短文第一句或最后一句。 2. 细节题 解题技巧为：快速捕捉信息，尤其是一些事例、数字等，划出相关句子，进行对照。 3. 推断题 解题技巧为：寻找线索，悟出字里行间的意思。 4.猜测词义题 解题技巧为：通过阅读上下文，断定该词的真正含义。 【热点话题】 说明文热衷话题有：旅游、环保、广告类等。 A（2020·扬州中学教育集团树人学校中考三模 ） Many people believe the glare(刺眼的光) from snow causes snow blindness. Yet, with dark glasses or not, they find themselves suffering from headaches and watering eyes, and even snow blindness when staying in snow light for several hours. The United States army has now discovered that glare from snow does not cause snow blindness in troops(军队) in a snow-covered country. In fact, a man’s eyes often find nothing to focus on in a broad space of snow-covered land. So his eyes keep moving over the whole landscape in search of something to look at. Finding something, hour after hour, the eyes never stop searching and the eyeballs become tired and the eye muscles ache. Nature makes up for this discomfort by producing more and more fluid (液体) which covers the eyeball. The fluid covers the eyeball more and more until it makes eyes difficult to see clearly, and the result is completely snow blindness, even though for a short time. Experiments led the army to a simple method of solving this problem. Scouts (侦察员) ahead of the troops are trained to shake snow from evergreen bushes, creating a dotted line as they cross completely snow-covered landscape. Even the scouts themselves throw lightweight, dark-colored objects ahead which they can look at, too. The men following can then see something. Their eyes focus on a bush and having found something to look at, stop searching the snow-blanketed landscape. By focusing their attention on one object at a time, the men can cross the snow without becoming hopelessly snow-blind or lost. In this way the