专题 10 高考英语语法【虚拟语气】核心考点聚焦 -【口袋书】2021年高考英语必背手册

【口袋书】2021年高考英语必背手册 专题十 虚拟语气 考点一、if条件句中的虚拟语气 虚拟语气 主句谓语动词 从句谓语动词 虚拟现在 should/would/ could/might＋do 过去式(be用were) 虚拟过去 should/would/could/ might＋have done had＋过去分词 虚拟将来 should/would/ could/might＋do 过去式/were to do/should＋do ①与现在事实相反 If I were you, I would seize the chance to go abroad. ②与过去事实相反 If you hadn't encouraged me, I would not have been admitted to this university. 如果不是你鼓励我，我就不会被这所大学录取。 They might have found a better hotel if they had driven a few more kilometers. 如果他们多开几公里的话，他们也许会找到一个更好的旅馆。 I was wearing a seat belt. If I hadn't been wearing one, I would have been injured. 我当时系着安全带。如来没系的话，我会受伤的。 If the new safety system had been brought into use, the accident would never have happened. 如果新的安全系统已经投入使用，事故就不会发生了。 ③与将来事实相反 If it rained/should rain/were to rain tomorrow, I would stay at home. 如果明天下雨的话，我就呆在家里。 Grace doesn’t want to move to New York because she thinks if she were to live there, she wouldn’t be able to see her parents very often. 格蕾丝不想搬到纽约，因为她认为如果住在那里，她就不能经常看到她的父母了。 ④如果主句和从句是对不同时间的事实的虚拟，则被称为错综虚拟语气。此时主句常有明显的时间状语。 If you had not watched television so late last night, you would not be so sleepy now. 如果你昨晚不是看电视看得这么晚，你现在就不会这么困了。 We would be back in the hotel now if you didn’t lose the map. 如果你没有把地图丢了的话，我们现在就回到旅馆了。 Maybe if I had studied science, and not literature then, I would be able to give you more help. 也许如果当时我学的是理科而不是文科，那么我现在就可以给你更多的帮助了。 【名师点津】如果在表示虚拟语气的if条件句中含有were, had或should, 可将if省略，然后将were, had或should等词置于句首，形成倒装。 Were he here, everything would be alright. 如果他在这儿，一切都会好的。 Should it rain tomorrow, we would put off the trip. 如果明天下雨，我们就推迟旅行。 Had I not left that comment, I would not have had that opportunity.  如果我没有留下那句话，我就不会有这样的机会。 Had the governments and scientists not worked together, AIDS-related deaths wouldn't have fallen since their highest in 2005. 要是没有政府和科学家的合作，与艾滋病相关的死亡人数就不会从2005年的最高值降下来。Were it not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty. 如果没有老师的帮助，这个学生克服不了她的困难。 考点二、含蓄条件句中的虚拟语气 有时假设的条件不通过