定语从句，状语从句，名词性从句-《英语周报》高考英语一轮复习之语法夯实篇

定语从句，状语从句，名词性从句 定语从句 一、定语从句概述 定义 用作定语的从句 类型 限制性定 语从句 描述主句所涉及的人或物的具体情况，是主句不可缺少的一部分； 如省去，主句意义不完整或失去意义。 非限制性 定语从句 对主句所描述的人或物提供一些附加情况，起补充说明作用；如省 去，主句意义仍完整。 关系词 关系代词 that, which, who, whom, whose, as 等 关系副词 when, where, why 等 二、引导定语从句的关系词 关系代词 that 指物和人 在从句中作主语或宾语 which 指物 在从句中作主语或宾语 who 指人 在从句中作主语或宾语 whom 在从句中作宾语 whose 指人和物 在从句中作定语 as 指物 在从句中作主语 关系副词 when 指时间 在从句中作时间状语 where 指地点 在从句中作地点状语 why 指原因 在从句中作原因状语 三、关系代词辨析 1. 关系代词 that 与 which 先行词指物时，that 与 which 一般可以互换，但也有特殊情况。 ★通常使用 that 的情况： 先行词为 all, everything, something, anything, nothing, much, few, little, none 等不定代词 或先行词被序数词、形容词最高级或 few, the only, little, no, all, every, the very 等修饰时。如： I’ve made up my mind, and nothing that you say will change it. They made the first walking robot that moves without GPS. This is the most expensive watch that I’ve ever owned. The only thing that matters is that the baby is healthy. ★通常使用 which 的情况： 当引导非限制性定语从句或关系代词前有介词时。如： Bogart starred in the film Casablanca, which was made in 1942. The goals for which he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him. 2. 关系代词 which 与 as which 和 as 都可引导非限制性定语从句，用来指代整个主句或主句的一部分。通常 which 引导的从句放在句末，而 as 引导的从句既可位于句首，又可位于句中或句末。如： As is known to the world, Mark Twain is a great American writer. The size of the audience, as we had expected, was over one thousand. I live a long way from work, as / which you know. 四、“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句 1. 在“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，关系代词指物时只能用 which，指人时只能用 whom。如： The valley in which the town lies is heavily polluted. We’ll go to see the famous writer about whom we have talked. 2. 在“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，介词的选用取决于句子意义的需要，或句中动词、 形容词、副词与介词的搭配。如： In the office, I never seem to have free time until after 5:30 p.m., by which time many people have gone home. I couldn’t understand the woman to whom I talked on the phone. The test about which he was very anxious turned out to be successful. For us, this type of bathing has become a luxury to which we look forward when visiting Iceland. 3. “介词+关系代词”前可有名词、数词或 some, any, none, both, all, ne