非谓语动词，情态动词和虚拟语气-《英语周报》高考英语一轮复习之语法夯实篇

非谓语动词，情态动词和虚拟语气 非谓语动词 非谓语动词在句中不可单独用作谓语，不受主语的人称和数的限制。非谓语动词有三种， 即不定式、动词-ing 形式和过去分词。 一、非谓语动词的各种形式 非谓语动词 主动形式 被动形式 动词-ing 形式 一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done 不定式 一般式 to do to be done 进行式 to be doing / 完成式 to have done to have been done 完成进行式 to have been doing / 过去分词 done 二、非谓语动词的作用 1. 动词-ing 形式和不定式作主语和宾语 ★作主语 动词-ing 形式可表示一般或抽象的多次性的动作，而不定式则往往表示具体的或一次性 的动作。 ★作宾语 1）有些动词后常跟不定式作宾语。这类动词常见的有 agree, aim, arrange, choose, decide, demand, desire, determine, expect, fail, intend, learn, plan, manage, offer, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, threaten, wish 等。 2）有些动词后常跟动词-ing 形式作宾语。这类动词常见的有 admit, dislike, appreciate, avoid, enjoy, bear, escape, stand, deny, consider, mind, miss, finish, resist, imagine, risk, practice, suggest 等。 2. 非谓语动词作定语 1）不定式作定语 a. 作定语的不定式与它所修饰的名词或代词在逻辑上可能是主谓关系，也可能是动宾关系。 如： We need someone to help with the work. I have a lot of homework to do. b. 名词前有 only, last, next，序数词或形容词的最高级时，其后常用不定式作定语。如： Is this really the only way to solve the problem? John was the second man to hear the news. It’s not the best place to live if you wish to develop your love of mountains. 2）动词-ing 形式作定语可表示正在进行的动作，也可表示经常发生的或短暂的动作以及经 常存在的状态。如： The woman talking to my teacher is my mother. A little child learning to walk often falls. 3）过去分词作定语常表示被动或已经发生的动作。如： He is a teacher loved by his students. We’ve met the doctors sent to work here by the city hospital. 3. 非谓语动词作表语 1）不定式作表语，常用来说明主语的具体内容。如： My only wish is to do something for the public. 2）动词-ing 形式作表语，可用于说明主语的内容，而且可以转换到句首作主语，常指抽象 的行为；也可表示主语的性质或特征。如： My hobby is swimming. = Swimming is my hobby. The film is very interesting. 3）过去分词作表语，常表示主语的状态。如： We were very surprised at the result. 4. 非谓语动词作状语 1）不定式作状语，常表示目的、原因、结果等。不定式作结果状语时，常用于“only +不定 式”结构，表示未曾预料到的或令人不快的结果。如： He had to earn enough money to support the family. I have enjoyed my visit here. I’ll be sorry to leave. The boy hurried to the school, only to find that it was Saturday. 2）动词-ing 形式或过去分词作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式、 伴随情况等，其前可加连词 while, when, once, if,