主谓一致、反意疑问句、倒装、省略、强调-《英语周报》高考英语一轮复习之语法夯实篇

主谓一致、反意疑问句、倒装、省略、强调 主谓一致 一、主谓一致的原则 主谓一致是指主语和谓语在人称和数上保持一致。一般遵循下列原则： 1. 语法一致原则：主语和谓语在人称和数上一致。主语是单数形式，谓语动词也采用单数形 式；主语是复数形式，谓语动词也采用复数形式。 2. 意义一致原则：谓语的单复数取决于主语的意义。当主语形式上为单数，但意义上却是复 数时，谓语根据意义用复数形式；当主语形式上为复数，但意义上却是单数时，谓语根据意 义用单数形式。 3. 就近一致原则：谓语动词的形式与邻近的主语在人称和数上一致，即谓语动词的单、复数 形式取决于最靠近它的主语的单、复数形式。 二、主谓一致的具体应用 1. 名词作主语 1）集体名词作主语，如果表示整体概念，谓语动词用单数形式；如果强调个体，谓语动词 用复数形式。常见的这类名词有 army, audience, class, family, team, crowd, staff, government, enemy, committee 等。有些集体名词如 cattle, people, police 等，通常看作复数，谓语动词必 须用复数形式。如： The committee consists of 12 members. The committee haven’t reached any agreement yet. The police were searching for the criminals. 2）单复数同形的名词作主语，应根据其意义来决定谓语形式。如： Every possible means has been tried, but none of them worked. All possible means are considered, but none can handle the problem. 3）表示单数概念的复形名词（如学科、机构、书名、剧名、国名等）作主语，谓语动词通 常用单数形式。如： Ethics is the study of the principles of right and wrong in human conduct. The United States was founded in 1776. 4）trousers, shoes, chopsticks, sunglasses 等名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式；但如 果其前有 a pair of, a kind of 等时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。如： The sunglasses I bought last week look very cool. A pair of sunglasses was put on her head. 5）当名词短语的中心词为表示距离、金额、时间等的复数名词时，往往把这些复数名词看 作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。如： Two miles is as far as they can walk. Twenty pounds was missing from my pocket. Ten years is a moment in history. 6）“more than one / many a +单数名词”作主语，谓语动词通常用单数形式；“more +复数名词 + than one”作主语，谓语动词通常用复数形式。如： More than one student has said so. Many a parent has had to go through this same painful process. More friends than one have been invited to the party. 7）“分数或百分数+ of +名词”构成的短语作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于 of 后名词的 数。如： Three fourths of the surface of the earth is sea. It is said that 35 percent of the doctors in that hospital are women. 2. 代词作主语 1）代词 each, either, neither, another 以及复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如： They have produced two reports and neither contains any useful suggestions. Everyone has their own ideas about the best way to solve this problem. 2）关系代词 who, that, which 等在定语