内容正文:
非谓语动词是英语中一个重要的语法点,也是一个难点。非谓语动词按传统语法分类,有不定式、动名词和分词。对非谓语动词在某些方面所具有的相同的语法功能作一番比较,尤其是从它们的内涵上进行区分是很有必要的。这里从他们的成分不同进行详细讲解:
1.动名词和不定式都可以作主语,两者所表达的意思是一样的。例如:
To see is to believe.
Seeing is believing.
不过,使用动名词时,通常暗示说话者曾经做过某事,有过某种体会,使用不定式时,可能仅表示说话者的看法。试比较:[来源:学&科&网]
Going to college was difficult for me.
上大学对我来说是困难的。(说话者曾考过大学,固有此体会)
To go to college is difficult.
上大学是困难的。(说话者仅仅提出看法)
2.动名词短语和不定式短语都可以it用作形式主语,而把真正的主语,即动名词短语和不定式短语放在后面,一般可以互换。例如:
It takes half an hour for me to go from here to my home.
It takes half an hour my going from here to my home.
一般来说,在此类句子中用不定式作真正主语的比较多,而动名词作真正主语的请况,常见于no good,no use(或useless),worthwhile,a waste.dangerous....等词作表语的句子中。例如:
It is no good your waiting here.
It is no use asking him about it.
It is worthwhile learning another language.
It's a waste of time arguing about it.
It's dangerous playing with fire.
3.动名词能在There is no....否定结构中作主语。例如:
There is no joking about such a serious matter.
There is no knowing whether he will agree to our plan.
在上述句型中,动名词不能带逻辑主语