内容正文:
备战2021年高考英语经典小题考前必刷
09.核心语法之定语从句
【刷重点】
重点一 关系代词that、 which、 as引导的定语从句★★★★★
1.6种只用that引导定语从句的情况
(1)先行词是all、 everything、 anything、 nothing、 something、 little、 much、 none、 few、 the one等不定代词时。(如先行词指人,可用who代替that)
(2)先行词被all、 any、 few、 every、 no、 little、 much、 some等词修饰时。(如先行词指人,可用who代替that)
(3)先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或先行词本身是序数词时。
(4)先行词被the only、 the very (正是、恰是)、 the last修饰时。(如先行词指人,可用who代替that)
(5)先行词含有人和物两者时。
(6)先行词在主句中做表语,或关系词在从句中做表语时。
2.4种只用which引导定语从句的情况
(1)先行词为物,引导非限制性定语从句时。
(2)先行词为物,关系代词充当介词的宾语,且介词位于关系代词之前时。
(3)先行词本身是that时。
(4)引导的定语从句修饰前面的整个主句,代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念时。
3.5种多用as引导定语从句的情况
(1)非限制性定语从句放在主句之前、主句之后或者插在主句中间皆可。
(2)非限制性定语从句的谓语为be announced、 be expected、 be known、 be mentioned、 be reported、 be said等被动式谓语。
(3)表示整个主句内容,有时含有“按照;正如;根据”等意思。
(4)在下列固定结构中,关系代词指代整个主句所述的内容:
①as we all know我们都知道
②as we all can see正如我们大家所能看到的那样
③as is often the case情况常常如此
④as is well known众所周知
(5)当先行词被such、 the same、 so+adj.+a/an、 such a/an+adj.修饰时。
【必刷小题】(单句填空)
1.(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)In the café, customers will enjoy themselves in the historical environment ________ is created for them.
2.(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government started a soiltesting programme ________ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers—and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.
3.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)In their spare time, they are interested in planting vegetables in their garden, eq \a\vs4\al( ) is on the rooftop of their house.
4.(全国卷Ⅰ)I'd skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River ________ are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings.
重点二 关系代词who、 whom、 whose★★★☆☆
1.who和whom的用法
(1)先行词为one、 ones、 anyone、 those指代人时。
·Those who are interested in the film can contact me.
对该电影感兴趣的可与我联系。
(2)当先行词为人且关系代词前面有介词时,只能用whom。whom在定语从句中做介词的宾语时,介词可放在后面,也可提前构成“介词+whom(先行词指人)”结构。
·The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of whom left their village homes for a better life in the city.