内容正文:
专题15 阅读理解之记叙文类
【要点提炼】
考点扫描
人物故事类的阅读理解文章是中考英语常考材料之一。这类文章一般可分为人物传记和短篇故事两类。
1. 人物传记主要涉及某人的生平事迹、趣闻轶事、生活背景、个性特征、成长和奋斗历程等,其特点是以时间的先后或事件的发展为主线,脉络清楚,可读性较强。
2. 短篇故事与人物传记不同的是,这类文章一般描述的是某一件具体事情的发生、发展或结局,有人物、时间、地点和事件。命题往往从故事的情节、人物或事件的之间的关系、作者的态度及意图、故事前因和后果的推测等方面着手,考查学生对细节的辨认能力以及推理判断能力。
做题技巧
解题要点
1. 阅读人物传记类文章时应该抓住时间线索来获取有关信息,即主人翁在某个时间做过什么,然后通过分析推理、综合归纳的方法进行解题。
2. 阅读短篇故事类材料时,同学们一定要根据主要情节掌握文章主旨大意,同时抓住每一个细节,设身处地地根据文章内容揣摩作者的态度和意图,根据情节展开想象,这样的话即使是深层理解题也可迎刃而解。
解题策略
一、纵观全文,列出记叙的要素
一篇记叙文,要交代清楚人物和事件,就必须交代清楚记叙的要素,即:时间、地点、人物、事件的原因、经过和结果。
二、弄清记叙的顺序
初中阶段的记叙文多为顺叙,因此需用铅笔在文中勾画出事情发展的先后时间,再简单画出每个时间做的事情,这样就能很快把握故事内容。
三、理解记叙的人称
弄清记叙文中人称代词指代的对象,这有利于更好地理解文意。记叙文设置题目时,经常会出现某个代词的指代意义,因此,要结合上下文,理解代词的指代内容,这对进一步理解文章大意有所帮助。
四、找出记叙的线索
线索是记叙文的纲,抓住线索,就能理顺文章内容,掌握文章结构,从而更好地理解文章的中心思想。
五、体会记叙文的表达手法
记叙文以叙事为主,有时也运用描写、说明和议论。尤其要注意夹叙夹议类文章,它的题目设计往往为推理性的或总结性的。
【专题真题训练】
(一)【重庆市中考A卷】
Imagine a world with no more animals: no elephants, no tigers or lions. To some people, that thought is too terrible for words. So they are doing something about it. Tiffany Soechting is one of them.
Being among wild animals—feeding them and caring for them—is all Tiffany Soechting has wanted to do with her life. And that is exactly what she does!
Soechting is the human "mother" to the 500 animals that live on her family wildlife farm in San Antonio, Texas. On the farm, she cares for animals from around the world. Soechting says she loves them all. However, two reticulated giraffes(网纹长颈鹿) take up a special place in her heart. Their population in the wild has become smaller by 80% in the last 15 years. "I’m so glad to get help from five wildlife researchers that took giraffes up to a higher level. All our hard work helps protect giraffes living in the wild."
Besides her animal caring, Soechting also holds monthly classes, where she teaches school children about the animals.
Soechting also opens the farm to the public. Visitors not only learn about the animals, they can also get close to them. And the animals are not against that. For them, pe