专题09 阅读理解之推理判断,主旨大意题-【教育机构专用】2020-2021学年九年级英语寒假讲义（北京）

阅读理解之推理判断,主旨大意题 一．推理判断 辨析Fact or Inference 推断原则：正确选项必须是由文中事实推断出的另一个正确的事实，而不是文章细节的直接陈述。 此类题型要求考生对文章中的内容及作者的思路做出合理的判断和推理，也就是要运用逻辑推理能力推断出蕴含在文章中却没有明说的事实及暗示的含义。 1. 常见设问方式 What can we learn from the passage？ From the passage, we can learn that... The writer probably agrees that... We can infer from the passage that... 2.解题技巧 考生应在理解全文的基础上，从文章本身所提供的信息出发，运用逻辑思维，并借助一定的常识进行分析、推理，在已知和未知信息之间搭起桥梁，透过字里行间体会“弦外之音”，从而揭示文章的深层涵义。常见的有以下两种推理判断：　　 1.针对文中细节的推断 作者为了说明一个主题或者观点，肯定会做出一系列论述或解释，采用的方式可能是举例、论证、摆事实或讲道理、提出问题或者分析事件的原因等。这种题型常常集中对文章中某一点或几点、某一方面或几方面、某一部分或几部分提出问题。回答这类问题时，考生首先应仔细阅读原文以确定推理依据的范围，然后按题意进行推断。 例子1 Many whale species, too, travel with their families, including both grandmothers and grandcalves. In groups of sperm whales, according to Dagg, old females help babysit the group’s young while their mothers dive(潜水) for food. Orca grandmothers often lead their family members and can live for many years after they stop reproducing. In 2015, scientists suggested that these elder orcas help their grandcalves through hard times, because they remember all the best places to find food. ( )24. From Paragraph 3, we know that orca grandmothers_______. A. die after reproducing B. teach the young to dive for food C. have rich experience D. enjoy travelling with grandfathers 2.针对作者态度、语气、风格、倾向的判断 例子2 When technology becomes a focus, quality(有质量的) time for families goes down, which in turn affects everyone’s life. Lack of family interaction causes the family’s unity to weaken, and each of the family will be influenced in different ways. Children are more likely to develop unhealthy habits when they fail to interact with their parents. Meanwhile, parents who put work before family or pay less attention to their children’s growth are more likely to face bad parent­child relationship. 67 percent of American teens say they want to spend more time with their parents, which is rather sad. Therefore, this passage is meant to show how technology has