第一章 专题十二 动词的语态-高考英语大二轮总复习【知识清单-涂考点】（高中全阶段通用）

专题十二：动词的语态被动语态的构成 主动形式表被动意义 被动语态的用法 被动语态 不能使用被动语态的情况 主动语态与被动语态的转换 语态是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语中的语态有主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。 知识点1：被动语态的构成 被动语态的基本结构是“Be+动词的过去分词”，以下是各种时态的被动语态结构。 1. 一般现在时的被动语态结构是“am/is/are+动词的过去分词”。 主动：Many people speak English. 很多人说英语。 被动：English is spoken by many people. 2. 一般过去时的被动语态结构是“was/were+动词的过去分词”。 主动：He bought his children some pens. 他给她的孩子们买了一些钢笔。 被动：Some pens were bought for his children by him. 3. 一般将来时的被动语态结构是“will/shall+be+动词的过去分词”。 主动：Everyone will know the truth soon. 每个人都会很快知道真相。 被动：The truth will be known by everyone. 例：The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts______ success in the end. A. rewarded B. were rewarded C. will reward D. will be rewarded 【解析】句意：学生们一直在刻苦学习功课，他们的努力将来一定会得到回报。 A和B表示过去的客观事实，根据句意，回报是将来发生的事，应该用一般将来时，而efforts和reward 是被动关系，故选D。 【答案】D 4. 现在进行时的被动语态结构是“am/is/are+being+动词的过去分词”。 主动：Mary is making a doll. 玛丽正在制作一个玩偶。 被动：A doll is being made by Mary. 例：My washing machine___________this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand. A. was repaired B. is repaired C. is being repaired D. has been repaired 【解析】主语washing machine 与谓语动词repair之间为被动关系。结合后半句 I have to wash my clothes by hand可知，洗衣机正在修。句意：我的洗衣机这个星期正在修理，因此我不得不动手洗衣服。 【答案】C 5. 过去进行时的被动语态结构是“was/were+being+动词的过去分词”。 主动：They were carrying the injured player at that time. 他们那时正扛着受伤的选手。 被动：The injured player was being carried by them at that time. 例：He hurried home，never once looking back to see if he_________. A. was being followed B. was following C. had been followed D. followed 【解析】句意：他匆忙回家，一次都没有回头看是否有人跟踪他。句中follow与主语he构成动宾关系，要用被动语态；follow的动作与look back的动作同步进行，不是过去的过去，不能用过去完成时态，故选A。 【答案】A 6. 现在完成时的被动语态结构是“has/have+been+动词的过去分词”。 主动：He has received the letter. 他已经收到了那封信。 被动：The letter has been received by him. 7. 过去完成时的被动语态结构是“had+been+动词的过去分词”。 主动：They had built ten bridges by the end of last year. 到去年为止，他们已经修了十座桥了。 被动：Ten bridges had been