外研版高考英语一轮复习语法：过去完成进行时讲练

过去完成进行时 知识集结 知识元 过去完成进行时 知识讲解 1． 概念： ①时态： 时态是动词的一种形式，分为时间和状态．时间即过去、现在、未来．状态即有一般状态、进行状态、完成状态、完成进行状态．它是表示行为、动作、状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式． ②过去完成进行时： 过去完成进行时（The Past Perfect Progressive）是相对过去的某个时刻来说已经对现在有直接影响并且还在进行的动作．在英语时态中，"时"指动作发生的时间，"态"指动作的样子和状态． ③概念点拨： 1． 尚未完成：He had been writing the novel．（他没有完成它） 2． 企图：He had been studying the meaning of this proverb．（他一直在努力学习它） 3． 未得结果：We had been studying what our enemy had said．（但我们不能理解） 4． 最近情况：He had been quarrelling with his wife．（近来） 5． 情绪：What had he been doing？（不耐烦） 2． 结构： 过去完成进行时是由"had been +现在分词"构成．在英语时态中，"时"指动作发生的时间，"态"指动作的样子和状态． She had been suffering from a bad cold when she took the exam．她在考试之前一直患重感冒． They had been expecting the news for some time？他们期待这个消息有一段时间了吧？ 3． 使用过去完成进行时的情况： ①表示过去某一时间之前一直进行的动作． ②表示反复的动作． ③常用于间接引语中The doctor asked what he had been eating．医生问他吃了什么．I asked where they had been staying all those days．我问他们那些天是呆在哪儿的． ④接具有"突然"之意when句．I had only been reading a few minutes when he came in．我刚看了几分钟他就进来了．She'd only been reviewing her lessons for a short while when her little sister interrupted her．她温习功课才一会儿，她妹妹就打断她了．I had been sleeping when my friend telephoned me．我正在睡觉时，我的朋友给我打电话． 4易混淆点：过去完成进行时与过去完成时的用法很相近，它通常表示某个过去正在进行的动作或状态，持续到过去某个时刻，还未完成，一直持续到之后才结束 He had been waiting for two weeks． He was still waiting．（有一个表示一段时间的状语） 他已经等了两个星期．他还在等． Up to that time he had been translating those books．直到那时他一直在翻译这些书． He had been writing the letter till two o'clock．他一直在写那封信到两点钟． He was thirty years old．He had been gambling since he was ten．（He was still gambling at thirty．） 他三十岁．他从十岁开始就一直在赌博．（三十岁的他仍然赌博．） He had been standing there in the sun．（没有时间状语） 他一直站在太阳底下． He had been thinking about his marriage．（没有时间状语）他一直在对他的婚姻思考． 不过这种时态并不一定表示这个过去动作将持续下去： He came back at seven．He had been waiting for her two hours．（At seven he did not wait any more．）他在七点回来了．他等了她两个小时．（在七点时，他不想再等了．） He stopped swimming．He had been swimming for the last three hours．他停止了游泳．他已经在过去的三小时内游泳． 5解题方法点拨 ①如果题干有时间状语，可以根据时间状语确定时态． ②没有时间状语，则根据语境判断句子时态． ③掌握复合句中谓语