热点02 书面表达概要写作（新高考）-2021年高考英语【热点·重点·难点】专练

热点02 书面表达概要写作 【概要写作命题规律和趋势】 根据《普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语考试说明〈高考综合改革试验省份试用〉》（第一版）可知，概要写作的设题形式如下： 提供一篇350字以内的短文，短文体裁以说明文和议论文为主，要求考生在正确理解文章的基础上，在不改变原文中心思想的前提下，用简明、精炼的语言高度浓缩文章的主要内容和观点，写出一篇60字左右的内容概要。 【概要写作解题策略和技巧】 第一，读懂原文，抓住大意。这是概要写作的最基本也是最重要的要求，如果不能正确地理解原文，不能准确地把握文章大意，那么我们的概要写作就会下笔千言离题万里。语言再优美地道也是无用之功，南辕北辙。 第二，定位主题句，找到关键。 概要写作涉及的文体主要有两种：议论文和说明文，针对不同的文体，我们要采用不同的方法定位主题句，或者找出关键信息。 1．议论文的概括先要弄清楚文章的观点、论据和结论，注意文章每一段的首尾句或者文章的首尾段。通常，一篇文章有几个段落就有几个中心句。文中有一分为二的观点的，两种观点都要概括，不要漏掉其中一方的观点。 例如：Listening well also requires total concentration upon someone else. An essential part of listening well is the rule known as “bracketing”. Bracketing includes the temporary giving up or setting aside of your prejudices and desires, to experience as far as possible someone else’s world from the inside, stepping into his or her shoes. Moreover, since listening well involves bracketing, it also involves a temporary acceptance of the other person. Sensing this acceptance, the speaker will seem quite willing to open up the inner part of his or her mind to the listener. True communication is under way and the energy required for listening well is so great that it can be accomplished only by the will to extend oneself for mutual growth. 本段陈述的主要内容为：做一个好的倾听者需要全神贯注，即是bracketing法则：第一，暂时摒弃个人的偏见和要求，设身处地地为别人着想；第二，暂时全面地接受对方。只有这样才能做到彼此真正交流，才能促进双方共同进步。主题句为：Listening well also requires total concentration upon someone else.，但是在概括中还必须包括bracketing所得到的两个要点：giving up or setting aside of your prejudices and desires和a temporary acceptance of the other person，整合后可形成这样的主题内容：Following the rule “bracketing”, which means listening without prejudices and with acceptance, is of vital importance in helping you become a good listener. 2．说明文通常会有中心句，写概要时要注意找出中心句，抓住关键词，然后用自己的话重组文章的信息。 例如：Scientists have found evidence of a giant planet far out in our solar system. In a statement, the California Institute of Technology (Calatech) said this planet travels in a strange orbit in the distant solar system. The discovery was made by two researc